golang面试题:怎么避免内存逃逸?

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问题

怎么避免内存逃逸

怎么答

runtime/stubs.go:133有个函数叫noescapenoescape可以在逃逸分析中隐藏一个指针。让这个指针在逃逸分析中不会被检测为逃逸

 // noescape hides a pointer from escape analysis.  noescape is
 // the identity function but escape analysis doesn't think the
 // output depends on the input.  noescape is inlined and currently
 // compiles down to zero instructions.
 // USE CAREFULLY!
 //go:nosplit
 func noescape(p unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer {
     x := uintptr(p)
     return unsafe.Pointer(x ^ 0)
}

举例

package main

import (
 "unsafe"
)

type A struct {
 S *string
}

func (f *A) String() string {
 return *f.S
}

type ATrick struct {
 S unsafe.Pointer
}

func (f *ATrick) String() string {
 return *(*string)(f.S)
}

func NewA(s string) A {
 return A{S: &s}
}

func NewATrick(s string) ATrick {
 return ATrick{S: noescape(unsafe.Pointer(&s))}
}

func noescape(p unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer {
 x := uintptr(p)
 return unsafe.Pointer(x ^ 0)
}

func main() {
 s := "hello"
 f1 := NewA(s)
 f2 := NewATrick(s)
 s1 := f1.String()
 s2 := f2.String()
 _ = s1 + s2
}

执行go build -gcflags=-m main.go

$go build -gcflags=-m main.go
# command-line-arguments
./main.go:11:6: can inline (*A).String
./main.go:19:6: can inline (*ATrick).String
./main.go:23:6: can inline NewA
./main.go:31:6: can inline noescape
./main.go:27:6: can inline NewATrick
./main.go:28:29: inlining call to noescape
./main.go:36:6: can inline main
./main.go:38:14: inlining call to NewA
./main.go:39:19: inlining call to NewATrick
./main.go:39:19: inlining call to noescape
./main.go:40:17: inlining call to (*A).String
./main.go:41:17: inlining call to (*ATrick).String
/var/folders/45/qx9lfw2s2zzgvhzg3mtzkwzc0000gn/T/go-build763863171/b001/_gomod_.go:6:6: can inline init.0
./main.go:11:7: leaking param: f to result ~r0 level=2
./main.go:19:7: leaking param: f to result ~r0 level=2
./main.go:24:16: &s escapes to heap
./main.go:23:13: moved to heap: s
./main.go:27:18: NewATrick s does not escape
./main.go:28:45: NewATrick &s does not escape
./main.go:31:15: noescape p does not escape
./main.go:38:14: main &s does not escape
./main.go:39:19: main &s does not escape
./main.go:40:10: main f1 does not escape
./main.go:41:10: main f2 does not escape
./main.go:42:9: main s1 + s2 does not escape

其中主要看中间一小段

./main.go:24:16: &s escapes to heap    //这个是NewA中的,逃逸了
./main.go:23:13: moved to heap: s
./main.go:27:18: NewATrick s does not escape // NewATrick里的s的却没逃逸
./main.go:28:45: NewATrick &s does not escape

解释

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