手把手撸一个 Vue3 + Ts + ElementPlus 后台管理模板

1100次阅读  |  发布于3年以前

脚手架用的是vue-cli,vite还不太稳定,很多第三方库也存在兼容问题,为了能正常在实际项目中使用,还是选择了vue-cli

如果不是最新的脚手架,就需要重新安装一下了:

npm install -g @vue/cli
# OR
yarn global add @vue/cli

创建项目:

vue create vue3-ts-template

// 选择Manually select features 

composition-api ([Vue 2] router, vuex, less, babel, eslint) 
Default ([Vue 2] babel, eslint) 
Default (Vue 3 Preview) ([Vue 3] babel, eslint) 
✅ Manually select features

然后 Vue 选 3.0, css预处理器,看个人习惯,sass,less,stylus都可以。

创建完项目,把那些不需要的页面例如:helloword删了就行了,有一个shims-vue.d.ts 得留着。

安装 ElementPlus

yarn add element-plus

// main.ts

import ElementPlus from 'element-plus';
import 'element-plus/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';

const app = createApp(App);
app.use(ElementPlus);
app.mount('#app');

登录页面

页面内容没什么好说的,想怎么画就怎么画。

<el-form ref="ruleForm" :model="form">
 <el-form-item prop="email" :rules="{required:true, message:'请输入账号', trigger:'change'}">
  <el-input placeholder="请输入账号" v-model="form.email"></el-input>
 </el-form-item>
 <el-form-item prop="pass" :rules="{required:true, message:'请输入密码', trigger:'change'}">
  <el-input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" v-model="form.pass"></el-input>
 </el-form-item>
 <el-form-item>
  <el-button class="width100" type="primary" @click="onSubmit">登陆</el-button>
 </el-form-item>
</el-form>

说说验证吧!ElementPlus 官方文档里面,还是按照Vue2.x的方式optionsApi写的:

但是我们既然采用了vue3,还是要紧跟时代步伐:

import { defineComponent, toRefs, reactive, ref } from 'vue';
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';

interface UserForm {
 email: string;
 pass: string | number;
}

export default defineComponent({
 setup () {
  const router = useRouter();
  const state = reactive({
   form: {
    email: 'admin',
    pass: 'admin123'
   } as UserForm,
   ruleForm: ref<any>(null)
  });
  const onSubmit = () => {
   // ruleForm.value.validate
   state.ruleForm.validate().then((valid: boolean) => {
    if (valid) {
     if (state.form.email === 'admin') {
      router.push({ path: '/' });
     }
    }
   });
  };

  return {
   ...toRefs(state),
   onSubmit
  };
 }
});
  1. <el-form ref="ruleForm"> 绑定
  2. ruleForm: ref<any>(null) 声明ruleForm,并返回
  3. state.ruleForm.validate() 而不是 state.ruleForm.value.validate()

布局

<div :class="['wrapper',isCollapse?'hideSidebar':'']">
    <el-container>
      <el-aside :width="isCollapse?'64px':'210px'">
        <sidebar/>
      </el-aside>
      <el-container>
        <el-header height="50px">
          <topbar @reload="handleReload"/>
        </el-header>
        <el-main>
          <breadcrumb/>
          <div v-if="isRouterAlive">
            <app-main/>
          </div>
        </el-main>
        <el-footer>Footer</el-footer>
      </el-container>
    </el-container>
</div>

刷新页面

布局全凭自己喜欢,我这里采用最简单,最常见的布局。这里做了一个刷新主要内容的功能。

setup() {
  const isRouterAlive = ref<boolean>(true);
  const handleReload = () => {
 isRouterAlive.value = false;
 nextTick(() => {
  isRouterAlive.value = true;
 });
  };
  return {handleReload}
}

网页全屏

yarn add screenfull
import screenfull, { Screenfull } from 'screenfull';

setup() {
    const change = () => {
   fullscreen.value = (screenfull as Screenfull).isFullscreen;
  };
 // 全屏事件
 const handleFullScreen = () => {
  if (!screenfull.isEnabled) {
   // 如果不允许进入全屏,发出不允许提示
   ElMessage({
    message: '暂不不支持全屏',
    type: 'warning'
   });
   return false;
  }
  screenfull.toggle();
 };
 if (screenfull.isEnabled) {
  screenfull.on('change', change);
 }
}

要引入 Screenfull 这个接口,并做一下类型断言(screenfull as Screenfull),不这样ts编译通不过。

引入axios

yarn add axios
import axios, { AxiosResponse, AxiosRequestConfig } from 'axios';
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
const instance = axios.create({
 baseURL: process.env.VUE_APP_API_BASE_URL || '',
 timeout: 120 * 1000,
 withCredentials: true
});

const err = (error) => {
 if (error.message.includes('timeout')) {
  // console.log('error---->',error.config)
  ElMessage({
   message: '请求超时,请刷新网页重试',
   type: 'error'
  });
 }
 if (error.response) {
  const data = error.response.data;
  const token = '';
  if (error.response.status === 403) {
   ElMessage({
    message: 'Forbidden',
    type: 'error'
   });
  }
  if (error.response.status === 401 && !(data.result && data.result.isLogin)) {
   ElMessage({
    message: 'Unauthorized',
    type: 'error'
   });
   if (token) {
    // store.dispatch('Logout').then(() => {
    //  setTimeout(() => {
    //   window.location.reload();
    //  }, 1500);
    // });
   }
  }
 }
 return Promise.reject(error);
};
instance.interceptors.request.use((config: AxiosRequestConfig) => {
 return config;
}, err);

instance.interceptors.response.use((response: AxiosResponse) => {
 console.log(response);
 const config: AxiosRequestConfig = response.config || '';

 const code = Number(response.data.status);
 if (code === 200) {
  if (config && config.successNotice) {
   ElMessage({
    message: response.data.msg,
    type: 'success'
   });
  }
  return response.data;
 } else {
  let errCode = [402, 403];
  if (errCode.includes(response.data.code)) {
   ElMessage({
    message: response.data.msg || '没有权限',
    type: 'warning'
   });
   setTimeout(() => {
    window.location.reload();
   }, 500);
  }
 }
}, err);

export default instance;

这个axios二次封装就见仁见智了,看你们的业务和习惯,我只提供一个示例。

挂载到全局:

import axios from '@/utils/request';

app.config.globalProperties.$http = axios;

// 使用

import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue';
const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance() as any;

ctx.$http(...).then(...)

这里需要说明一点的是,如果引入AxiosResponse, AxiosRequestConfig这两个接口来做类型判断。要是在config中定义了一些额外的参数,又要使用就需要定义一个声明文件了。

我在config中定义了successNoticeerrorNotice分别来判断请求成功和失败是否需要提示信息,并且它们都是非必填。

// shims.axios.d.ts
import { AxiosRequestConfig } from 'axios';

declare module 'axios' {
  export interface AxiosRequestConfig {
    successNotice? : boolean,
    errorNotice? : boolean
  }
}

二次封装组件

为了更方便快捷的写业务,可以二次封装一些组件,简化操作。

Table 表格

<template>
<div>
 <el-table
  border
  v-bind="$attrs"
  :data="data"
  :rowKey="rowKey"
  size='small'
  :onSelectionChange="handleSelectionChange"
 >
  <el-table-column v-if="allowSelect" type="selection" width="55"></el-table-column>
  <template v-for="item in columns" :key="item.prop">
   <el-table-column v-bind="item" v-if="item.slot" >
    <template v-slot:header>
     <slot :name="item.slot.header">{{item.label || '自定义header'}}</slot>
    </template>
    <template v-slot:default="scope">
     <slot :name="item.slot.body" :data="scope.row">{{scope.row[item.prop] || '需要自定义' }}</slot>
    </template>
   </el-table-column>
   <el-table-column v-else v-bind="item"></el-table-column>
  </template>
  <slot/>
 </el-table>
 <HeroPaging
  v-if="showPaging"
  class="marginT10 text-right"
  :pagination="pagination"
  @pagingChange="handlePagingChange"/>
</div>
</template>

<script>
import { defineComponent, PropType } from 'vue';
import HeroPaging from '../HeroPaging/index';
export default defineComponent({
 components: { HeroPaging },
 props: {
     // 数据
  data: {
   type: Array,
   default: () => []
  },
  // 表格项
  columns: {
   type: Array,
   default: () => []
  },
  // 绑定key
  rowKey: {
   type: String,
   default: 'id'
  },
  // 分页信息
  pagination: {
   type: Object,
   default: () => {
    return {
     page: 1,
     pageSize: 10,
     total: 100
    };
   }
  },
  // 是否可选
  allowSelect: {
   type: Boolean,
   default: false
  },
  // 是否分页
  showPaging: {
   type: Boolean,
   default: true
  }
 },
 setup (props, { emit, slots, attrs }) {
  let multipleSelection = [];
  const handleSelectionChange = (val) => {
   multipleSelection = val;
   emit('select', multipleSelection);
  };
  const handlePagingChange = (option) => {
   emit('pagingChange', option);
  };
  return {
   handleSelectionChange,
   handlePagingChange
  };
 }
});
</script>

在一些常见的业务场景下,用起来就比较方便了:

<HeroTable
 :allowSelect="true"
 :data="tableData"
 :columns="columns"
 @select="handleSelect"
 @pagingChange="handlePagingChange"
>
 <template v-slot:dateHeader>
  <el-tag type="success">日期</el-tag>
 </template>
 <template v-slot:date="scope" >
  {{scope.data.date}}自定义slot
 </template>
 <template v-slot:action="scope">
  <span class="btn" @click="handleCLick('edit', scope.data)">编辑</span >
  <el-divider direction="vertical"></el-divider>
  <span class="btn red" @click="handleCLick('del', scope.data)">删除</span>
 </template>
</HeroTable>

<script>
const columns = [
 { prop: 'date', label: '日期', fixed: true, width: 200, slot: { body: 'date', header: 'dateHeader' } },
 { prop: 'name', label: '姓名', width: 200 },
 { prop: 'address', label: '地址', width: 500 },
 { prop: 'class', label: '班级', width: 200 },
 { prop: 'school', label: '学校', width: 200 },
 { prop: '', label: '操作', width: 110, slot: { body: 'action' }, fixed: 'right' }
];
</script>

Form 表单

<template>
  <div>
    <el-form ref="formRef" label-suffix=":" :model="form" :label-width="labelWidth">
      <el-form-item
      v-for="item in formJson"
      :key="item.val"
      :label="item.label"
      :prop="item.val"
      :rules="{required: item.require, message:item.errMsg || item.placeholder || item.label + '是必填项', trigger:'change'}"
      >
        <template v-if="['input','textarea'].includes(item.type)">
          <el-input :type="item.type" v-bind="item.other" v-model="form[item.val]" :placeholder="item.placeholder"></el-input>
        </template>
        <template v-if="item.type === 'select'">
          <el-select v-bind="item.other" v-model="form[item.val]" placeholder="">
            <el-option
              v-for="op in item.options"
              :key="op[item.selectVal]"
              :label="op[item.selectLabel]"
              :value="op[item.selectVal]">
            </el-option>
          </el-select>
        </template>
        <template v-if="item.type === 'date'">
          <HeroDatePicker v-bind="item.other" v-model="form[item.val]"/>
        </template>
        <template v-if="item.type === 'radio'">
          <el-radio-group v-bind="item.other" v-model="form[item.val]">
            <el-radio v-for="op in item.options" :key="op[item.selectVal]" :label="op[item.selectVal]">{{op[item.selectLabel]}}</el-radio>
          </el-radio-group>
        </template>
        <template v-if="item.type === 'checkbox'">
          <el-checkbox-group v-bind="item.other" v-model="form[item.val]">
            <el-checkbox v-for="op in item.options" :key="op[item.selectVal]" :label="op[item.selectVal]">{{op[item.selectLabel]}}</el-checkbox>
          </el-checkbox-group>
        </template>
        <template v-if="item.type === 'switch'">
          <el-switch
            v-bind="item.other"
            v-model="form[item.val]">
          </el-switch>
        </template>
      </el-form-item>
    </el-form>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { computed, defineComponent, reactive, toRefs, ref, watch, watchEffect } from 'vue';
import HeroDatePicker from '@/components/HeroDatePicker/index';
export default defineComponent({
 components: { HeroDatePicker },
 props: {
  labelWidth: {
   type: String,
   default: '90px'
  },
  formJson: {
   type: Array,
   default: () => []
  },
  modelValue: {
   type: Object,
   default: () => ({})
  }
 },
 setup (props, { emit }) {
  const formRef = ref(null);
  const state = reactive({
   form: computed(() => props.modelValue)
  });
  watch(() => state.form, (val) => {
   emit('update:modelValue', val);
  }, { deep: true });

  const validate = () => {
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    formRef.value.validate().then((valid) => {
     resolve(valid);
    }).catch(err => { reject(err); });
   });
  };

  return {
   ...toRefs(state),
   validate,
   formRef
  };
 }
});
</script>

<HeroForm ref="formRef" :formJson="formJson" v-model="form"/>
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">提交</el-button>


steup() {
 const formJson = [
    {
     require: true,
     type: 'input',
     label: '姓名',
     placeholder: '请输入姓名',
     val: 'name',
     other: { style: 'width:220px' }
    },
    {
     require: true,
     type: 'select',
     label: '年级',
     placeholder: '请选择年级',
     val: 'grade',
     selectLabel: 'label',
     selectVal: 'val',
     options: [{ val: 1, label: '一年级' }, { val: 2, label: '二年级' }]
    },
    ....
 ]
}

这里需要提的一点是,自定义组件的v-model实现。

vue2的实现方式:

<ChildComponent v-model="pageTitle" />

// ChildComponent.vue
export default {
  model: {
    prop: 'title',
    event: 'change'
  },
  props: {
    // 这将允许 `value` 属性用于其他用途
    value: String,
    // 使用 `title` 代替 `value` 作为 model 的 prop
    title: {
      type: String,
      default: 'Default title'
    }
  }
}

vue3的实现方式:

<ChildComponent v-model="pageTitle" />

// ChildComponent.vue
export default {
  props: {
    modelValue: String // 以前是`value:String`
  },
  methods: {
    changePageTitle(title) {
      this.$emit('update:modelValue', title) // 以前是 `this.$emit('input', title)`
    }
  }
}

更多具体介绍可前往官网。

DatePicker 时间选择器

DatePicker 为啥要封装一下?因为官方把value-format这个功能取消了(可以看看这个issues),所以每次都要自己去转化一次时间格式,太麻烦。

<!--
format: https://day.js.org/docs/zh-CN/display/format
-->
<template>
  <div>
    <el-date-picker
      v-bind="$attrs"
      v-model="value"
      :type="type"
      start-placeholder="开始日期"
      end-placeholder="结束日期"
      placeholder="选择日期">
    </el-date-picker>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { defineComponent, watch, reactive, toRefs } from 'vue';
import dayjs from 'dayjs';
export default defineComponent({
 props: {
  type: {
   type: String,
   default: 'date'
  },
  modelValue: {
   type: [String, Object, Array],
   default: ''
  },
  valueFormat: {
   type: String,
   default: 'YYYY-MM-DD'
  }
 },
 setup (props, { emit }) {
  const state = reactive({
   value: props.modelValue || ''
  });
  watch(() => state.value, (val) => {
   let formatVal = null;
   if (Array.isArray(val)) {
    formatVal = [dayjs(val[0]).format(props.valueFormat), dayjs(val[1]).format(props.valueFormat)];
   } else {
    formatVal = dayjs(val).format(props.valueFormat);
   }
   console.log(formatVal);
   emit('update:modelValue', formatVal);
  });
  return {
   ...toRefs(state)
  };
 }
});
</script>

elemment-plus 已经把moment换成了dayjs,我们不需要再安装就可以直接使用。

二次封装呀,我觉得有一点很重要,我们不可能把原来组件的所有props都穷举一遍,所以加上v-bind="$attrs"可以省很多事。

最后

这只是个简单的模板,可以用熟悉一下Vue3 和 Ts,要想在实际开发中使用,还是要慎重。

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