我是如何在项目中实现大文件分片上传,暂停续传的

481次阅读  |  发布于2年以前

前言

最近我们公司的项目中多了一个需求,因为我们的管理系统需要管理背景音乐的存储,那就肯定涉及到前端的上传音乐功能了,可能是由于我们公司的编辑们所制作的BGM质量比较高,所以每一个BGM文件都会比较大,每一个都在20M以上,所以我使用了大文件的分片上传,并做了暂停上传续传功能,接下来就通过一个小demo,给大家演示一下吧!!!

BGM切片上传

1.大致流程

分为以下几步:

2.前端实现切片

简单来说就是,咱们上传文件时,选中文件后,浏览器会把这个文件转成一个Blob对象,而这个对象的原型上上有一个slice方法,这个方法是大文件能够切片的原理,可以利用这个方法来给大文件切片

<input type="file" @change="handleFileChange" />
<el-button @click="handleUpload"> 上传 </el-button>

data() {
    return {
        fileObj: {
            file: null
        }
    };
  },
  methods: {
      handleFileChange(e) {
          const [file] = e.target.files
          if (!file) return
          this.fileObj.file = file
      },
      handleUpload () {
          const fileObj = this.fileObj
          if (!fileObj.file) return
          const chunkList = this.createChunk(fileObj.file)
          console.log(chunkList) // 看看chunkList长什么样子
      },
      createChunk(file, size = 5 * 1024 * 1024) {
          const chunkList = []
          let cur = 0
          while(cur < file.size) {
              // 使用slice方法切片
              chunkList.push({ file: file.slice(cur, cur + size) })
              cur += size
          }
          return chunkList
      }

例子我就用我最近很喜欢听得一首歌嘉宾-张远,他的大小是32M

截屏2021-07-08 下午8.06.22.png

点击上传,看看chunkList长什么样子吧:

image.png

证明我们切片成功了!!!分成了7个切片

3.上传切片并展示进度条

我们先封装一个请求方法,使用的是axios

import axios from "axios";

axiosRequest({
      url,
      method = "post",
      data,
      headers = {},
      onUploadProgress = (e) => e, // 进度回调
    }) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        axios[method](url, data, {
          headers,
          onUploadProgress, // 传入监听进度回调
        })
          .then((res) => {
            resolve(res);
          })
          .catch((err) => {
            reject(err);
          });
      });
    }

接着上一步,我们获得了所有切片,接下来要把这些切片保存起来,并逐一去上传

handleUpload() {
      const fileObj = this.fileObj;
      if (!fileObj.file) return;
      const chunkList = this.createChunk(fileObj.file);
+      this.fileObj.chunkList = chunkList.map(({ file }, index) => ({
+        file,
+        size: file.size,
+        percent: 0,
+        chunkName: `${fileObj.file.name}-${index}`,
+        fileName: fileObj.file.name,
+        index,
+      }));
+      this.uploadChunks(); // 执行上传切片的操作
    },

uploadChunks就是执行上传所有切片的函数

+ async uploadChunks() {
+      const requestList = this.fileObj.chunkList
+        .map(({ file, fileName, index, chunkName }) => {
+          const formData = new FormData();
+          formData.append("file", file);
+          formData.append("fileName", fileName);
+          formData.append("chunkName", chunkName);
+          return { formData, index };
+        })
+        .map(({ formData, index }) =>
+          this.axiosRequest({
+            url: "http://localhost:3000/upload",
+            data: formData,
+            onUploadProgress: this.createProgressHandler(
+              this.fileObj.chunkList[index]
+            ), // 传入监听上传进度回调
+          })
+        );
+      await Promise.all(requestList); // 使用Promise.all进行请求
+    },
+ createProgressHandler(item) {
+      return (e) => {
+         // 设置每一个切片的进度百分比
+        item.percent = parseInt(String((e.loaded / e.total) * 100));
+      };
+    },

我不知道他们后端Java是怎么做的,我这里使用Nodejs模拟一下

const http = require("http");
const path = require("path");
const fse = require("fs-extra");
const multiparty = require("multiparty");

const server = http.createServer();
const UPLOAD_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, ".", `qiepian`); // 切片存储目录

server.on("request", async (req, res) => {
    res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
    if (req.method === "OPTIONS") {
        res.status = 200;
        res.end();
        return;
    }
    console.log(req.url)

    if (req.url === '/upload') {
        const multipart = new multiparty.Form();

        multipart.parse(req, async (err, fields, files) => {
            if (err) {
                console.log('errrrr', err)
                return;
            }
            const [file] = files.file;
            const [fileName] = fields.fileName;
            const [chunkName] = fields.chunkName;
            // 保存切片的文件夹的路径,比如  张远-嘉宾.flac-chunks
            const chunkDir = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, `${fileName}-chunks`);
            // // 切片目录不存在,创建切片目录
            if (!fse.existsSync(chunkDir)) {
                await fse.mkdirs(chunkDir);
            }
            // 把切片移动到切片文件夹
            await fse.move(file.path, `${chunkDir}/${chunkName}`);
            res.end(
                JSON.stringify({
                    code: 0,
                    message: "切片上传成功"
                }));
        });
    }
})

server.listen(3000, () => console.log("正在监听 3000 端口"));

接下来就是页面上进度条的显示了,其实很简单,我们想要展示总进度条,和各个切片的进度条,各个切片的进度条我们都有了,我们只需要算出总进度就行,怎么算呢?这么算:各个切片百分比 * 各个切片的大小 / 文件总大小

+ <div style="width: 300px">
+      总进度:
+      <el-progress :percentage="totalPercent"></el-progress>
+      切片进度:
+      <div v-for="item in fileObj.chunkList" :key="item">
+        <span>{{ item.chunkName }}:</span>
+        <el-progress :percentage="item.percent"></el-progress>
+      </div>
+</div>

+ computed: {
+    totalPercent() {
+      const fileObj = this.fileObj;
+      if (fileObj.chunkList.length === 0) return 0;
+      const loaded = fileObj.chunkList
+        .map(({ size, percent }) => size * percent)
+        .reduce((pre, next) => pre + next);
+      return parseInt((loaded / fileObj.file.size).toFixed(2));
+    },
+  },

我们再次上传音乐,查看效果:

截屏2021-07-08 下午10.33.51.png

后端也成功保存了

截屏2021-07-08 下午10.34.28.png

4.合并切片为BGM

好了,咱们已经保存好所有切片,接下来就要开始合并切片了,我们会发一个/merge请求,叫后端合并这些切片,前端代码添加合并的方法:

async uploadChunks() {
      const requestList = this.fileObj.chunkList
        .map(({ file, fileName, index, chunkName }) => {
          const formData = new FormData();
          formData.append("file", file);
          formData.append("fileName", fileName);
          formData.append("chunkName", chunkName);
          return { formData, index };
        })
        .map(({ formData, index }) =>
          this.axiosRequest({
            url: "http://localhost:3000/upload",
            data: formData,
            onUploadProgress: this.createProgressHandler(
              this.fileObj.chunkList[index]
            ),
          })
        );
      await Promise.all(requestList); // 使用Promise.all进行请求

+      this.mergeChunks()
    },
+ mergeChunks(size = 5 * 1024 * 1024) {
+       this.axiosRequest({
+         url: "http://localhost:3000/merge",
+         headers: {
+           "content-type": "application/json",
+         },
+         data: JSON.stringify({ 
+          size,
+           fileName: this.fileObj.file.name
+         }),
+       });
+     }

后端增加/merge接口:

// 接收请求的参数
const resolvePost = req =>
    new Promise(res => {
        let chunk = ''
        req.on('data', data => {
            chunk += data
        })
        req.on('end', () => {
            res(JSON.parse(chunk))
        })

    })
const pipeStream = (path, writeStream) => {
    console.log('path', path)
    return new Promise(resolve => {
        const readStream = fse.createReadStream(path);
        readStream.on("end", () => {
            fse.unlinkSync(path);
            resolve();
        });
        readStream.pipe(writeStream);
    });
}

// 合并切片
const mergeFileChunk = async (filePath, fileName, size) => {
    // filePath:你将切片合并到哪里,的路径
    const chunkDir = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, `${fileName}-chunks`);
    let chunkPaths = null
    // 获取切片文件夹里所有切片,返回一个数组
    chunkPaths = await fse.readdir(chunkDir);
    // 根据切片下标进行排序
    // 否则直接读取目录的获得的顺序可能会错乱
    chunkPaths.sort((a, b) => a.split("-")[1] - b.split("-")[1]);
    const arr = chunkPaths.map((chunkPath, index) => {
        return pipeStream(
            path.resolve(chunkDir, chunkPath),
            // 指定位置创建可写流
            fse.createWriteStream(filePath, {
                start: index * size,
                end: (index + 1) * size
            })
        )
    })
    await Promise.all(arr)
};
if (req.url === '/merge') {
        const data = await resolvePost(req);
        const { fileName, size } = data;
        const filePath = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, fileName);
        await mergeFileChunk(filePath, fileName, size);
        res.end(
            JSON.stringify({
                code: 0,
                message: "文件合并成功"
            })
        );
    }

现在我们重新上传音乐,发现切片上传成功了,也合并成功了:

截屏2021-07-09 下午1.44.29.png

5.删除切片

上一步我们已经完成了切片合并这个功能了,那之前那些存在后端的切片就没用了,不然会浪费服务器的内存,所以我们在确保合并成功后,可以将他们删除

// 合并切片
const mergeFileChunk = async (filePath, fileName, size) => {
    // filePath:你将切片合并到哪里,的路径
    const chunkDir = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, `${fileName}-chunks`);
    let chunkPaths = null
    // 获取切片文件夹里所有切片,返回一个数组
    chunkPaths = await fse.readdir(chunkDir);
    // 根据切片下标进行排序
    // 否则直接读取目录的获得的顺序可能会错乱
    chunkPaths.sort((a, b) => a.split("-")[1] - b.split("-")[1]);
    const arr = chunkPaths.map((chunkPath, index) => {
        return pipeStream(
            path.resolve(chunkDir, chunkPath),
            // 指定位置创建可写流
            fse.createWriteStream(filePath, {
                start: index * size,
                end: (index + 1) * size
            })
        )
    })
    await Promise.all(arr)
    fse.rmdirSync(chunkDir); // 合并后删除保存切片的目录
};

我们再次上传,再看看,那个储存此音乐的切片文件夹被我们删了

截屏2021-07-09 下午1.46.59.png

6.秒传功能

所谓的秒传功能,其实没那么高大上,通俗点说就是,当你上传一个文件时,后端会判断服务器上有无这个文件,有的话就不执行上传,并返回给你“上传成功”,想要执行此功能,后端需要重新写一个接口/verify

if (req.url === "/verify") {
        const data = await resolvePost(req);
        const { fileName } = data;
        const filePath = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, fileName);
        console.log(filePath)
        if (fse.existsSync(filePath)) {
            res.end(
                JSON.stringify({
                    shouldUpload: false
                })
            );
        } else {
            res.end(
                JSON.stringify({
                    shouldUpload: true
                })
            );
        }

前端在上传文件步骤也要做拦截:

async handleUpload() {
      const fileObj = this.fileObj;
      if (!fileObj.file) return;
+      const { shouldUpload } = await this.verifyUpload(
+         fileObj.file.name,
+       );
+       if (!shouldUpload) {
+         alert("秒传:上传成功");
+         return;
+       }
      const chunkList = this.createChunk(fileObj.file);
      this.fileObj.chunkList = chunkList.map(({ file }, index) => ({
        file,
        size: file.size,
        percent: 0,
        chunkName: `${fileObj.file.name}-${index}`,
        fileName: fileObj.file.name,
        index,
      }));
      this.uploadChunks();
    },
+ async verifyUpload (fileName) {
+       const { data } = await this.axiosRequest({
+         url: "http://localhost:3000/verify",
+         headers: {
+           "content-type": "application/json",
+         },
+         data: JSON.stringify({
+           fileName,
+         }),
+       });
+       return data
+     }

现在我们重新上传音乐,因为服务器上已经存在了张远-嘉宾这首歌了,所以,直接alert出秒传:上传成功

截屏2021-07-09 下午2.17.02.png

暂停续传

1.大致流程

暂停续传其实很简单,比如一个文件被切成10片,当你上传成功5片后,突然暂停,那么下次点击续传时,只需要过滤掉之前已经上传成功的那5片就行,怎么实现呢?其实很简单,只需要点击续传时,请求/verity接口,返回切片文件夹里现在已成功上传的切片列表,然后前端过滤后再把还未上传的切片的继续上传就行了,后端的/verify接口需要做一些修改

if (req.url === "/verify") {
        // 返回已经上传切片名列表
        const createUploadedList = async fileName =>
+             fse.existsSync(path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, fileName))
+                 ? await fse.readdir(path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, fileName))
+                 : [];
        const data = await resolvePost(req);
        const { fileName } = data;
        const filePath = path.resolve(UPLOAD_DIR, fileName);
        console.log(filePath)
        if (fse.existsSync(filePath)) {
            res.end(
                JSON.stringify({
                    shouldUpload: false
                })
            );
        } else {
            res.end(
                JSON.stringify({
                    shouldUpload: true,
+                     uploadedList: await createUploadedList(`${fileName}-chunks`)
                })
            );
        }
    }

2.暂停上传

前端增加一个暂停按钮pauseUpload事件

+ <el-button @click="pauseUpload"> 暂停 </el-button>


+ const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
+ const source = CancelToken.source();

axiosRequest({
      url,
      method = "post",
      data,
      headers = {},
      onUploadProgress = (e) => e,
    }) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        axios[method](url, data, {
          headers,
          onUploadProgress,
+           cancelToken: source.token
        })
          .then((res) => {
            resolve(res);
          })
          .catch((err) => {
            reject(err);
          });
      });
    },
+ pauseUpload() {
+       source.cancel("中断上传!");
+       source = CancelToken.source(); // 重置source,确保能续传
+     }

3.续传

增加一个续传按钮,并增加一个keepUpload事件

+ <el-button @click="keepUpload"> 续传 </el-button>

+ async keepUpload() {
+       const { uploadedList } = await this.verifyUpload(
+         this.fileObj.file.name
+       );
+       this.uploadChunks(uploadedList);
+     }

4.优化进度条

续传中,由于那些没有上传的切片会从零开始传,所以会导致总进度条出现倒退现象,所以我们要对总进度条做一下优化,确保他不会倒退,做法就是维护一个变量,这个变量只有在总进度大于他时他才会更新成总进度

总进度:
+ <el-progress :percentage="tempPercent"></el-progress>

+ watch: {
+       totalPercent (newVal) {
+           if (newVal > this.tempPercent) this.tempPercent = newVal
+       }
+   },

这个demo比较粗糙,有些地方没有考虑到的,请同学们指出。谢谢了!!!

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