线上订单号重复了？一招搞定它！

问题的背景

公司老的系统原先采用的时间戳生成订单号，导致了如下情形

打断一下：大家知道怎么查系统某项重复的数据吧

SELECT * FROM XX表 WHERE 重复项 in( SELECT 重复项 FROM XX表 GROUP BY 重复项 HAVING count(1) >= 2)

解决方法

不得了，这样重复岂不是一单成功三方回调导致另一单也成功了。

多个服务怎么保证生成的订单号唯一呢？

先上code

package com.zhongjian.util;

public class IdWorkerUtil{

    private long workerId;
    private long datacenterId;
    private long sequence;

    public IdWorkerUtil(long workerId, long datacenterId, long sequence){
        // sanity check for workerId
        if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0",maxWorkerId));
        }
        if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0",maxDatacenterId));
        }
        System.out.printf("worker starting. timestamp left shift %d, datacenter id bits %d, worker id bits %d, sequence bits %d, workerid %d",
                timestampLeftShift, datacenterIdBits, workerIdBits, sequenceBits, workerId);

        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
        this.sequence = sequence;
    }

    private long twepoch = 1288834974657L;

    private long workerIdBits = 5L;
    private long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
    private long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    private long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
    private long sequenceBits = 12L;

    private long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    private long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    private long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
    private long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);

    private long lastTimestamp = -1L;

    public long getWorkerId(){
        return workerId;
    }

    public long getDatacenterId(){
        return datacenterId;
    }

    public long getTimestamp(){
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = timeGen();

        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            System.err.printf("clock is moving backwards.  Rejecting requests until %d.", lastTimestamp);
            throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds",
                    lastTimestamp - timestamp));
        }

        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0;
        }

        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) |
                (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift) |
                (workerId << workerIdShift) |
                sequence;
    }

    private long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    private long timeGen(){
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IdWorkerUtil idWorkerUtil = new IdWorkerUtil(1,1,0L);
        System.out.println(idWorkerUtil.nextId());
    }

}

以上是采用snowflake算法生成分布式唯一ID

41-bit的时间可以表示（1L<<41）/(1000L360024*365)=69年的时间，10-bit机器可以分别表示1024台机器。如果我们对IDC划分有需求，还可以将10-bit分5-bit给IDC，分5-bit给工作机器。

这样就可以表示32个IDC，每个IDC下可以有32台机器，可以根据自身需求定义。12个自增序列号可以表示2^12个ID，理论上snowflake方案的QPS约为409.6w/s，这种分配方式可以保证在任何一个IDC的任何一台机器在任意毫秒内生成的ID都是不同的。

这种方式的优缺点是：

优点：

• 毫秒数在高位，自增序列在低位，整个ID都是趋势递增的。
• 不依赖数据库等第三方系统，以服务的方式部署，稳定性更高，生成ID的性能也是非常高的。
• 可以根据自身业务特性分配bit位，非常灵活。

缺点：

• 强依赖机器时钟，如果机器上时钟回拨，会导致发号重复或者服务会处于不可用状态。

一般来说，采用这种方案就解决了。

还有诸如，mysql的 auto_increment策略，redis的INCR，zookeeper的单一节点修改版本号递增，以及zookeeper的持久顺序节点。

看完点个赞呗~

参考

• https://tech.meituan.com/2017/04/21/mt-leaf.html
• https://www.cnblogs.com/qianzhengkai/p/11151613.html