简洁易懂的Java8 Collectors.toMap方法使用

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先来看一下函数的签名:

public static <T, K, U>
Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction)

这个函数的作用一句话以概之,如果要将List<E>中的元素E转换成Map<K,V>,那么toMap方法的三个参数分别就是自定义K,V的映射函数,以及当K有重复时多个V怎么来处理。

看一下官网的API使用说明:

For example, if you have a stream of Person, and you want to produce a "phone book" mapping name to address, but it is possible that two persons have the same name, you can do as follows to gracefully deals with these collisions, and produce a Map mapping names to a concatenated list of addresses

接下来看代码实现,先定义Person类:

import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@Builder
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String address;

}

测试类:

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class PersonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Person> list = new ArrayList();
        list.add(Person.builder().name("Luke").address("Road1").build());
        list.add(Person.builder().name("Tyler").address("road2").build());
        list.add(Person.builder().name("Luke").address("Road3").build());
        Map<String, String> phoneBook = list.stream().collect(
                Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, Person::getAddress, (s, a) -> s + ", " + a));
        System.out.println(phoneBook);
    }
}

输出:

{Luke=Road1, Road3, Tyler=road2}

toMap方法详解

如上面的例子见到的,一般是Stream<T>.collect(Collectors.toMap(...))这样来调用。而collect方法的签名是:

<R,A> R collect(Collector<? super T,A,R> collector)

再来回顾一下toMap方法的签名:

public static <T, K, U>
Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toMap(Function<? super T, ? extends K> keyMapper,
                                Function<? super T, ? extends U> valueMapper,
                                BinaryOperator<U> mergeFunction)

那么上面测试类的代码可以富写成:

这样对应起来就不用被各种泛型参数看的绕晕了。

注:方法引用Person::getName只是lambda表达式person -> person.getName()的另一种写法。

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