Python贪吃蛇游戏编写代码

最近在学Python，想做点什么来练练手，命令行的贪吃蛇一般是C的练手项目，但是一时之间找不到别的，就先做个贪吃蛇来练练简单的语法。

由于Python监听键盘很麻烦，没有C语言的kbhit()，所以这条贪吃蛇不会自己动，运行效果如下：

要求：用#表示边框，用*表示食物，o表示蛇的身体，O表示蛇头，使用wsad来移动

Python版本：3.6.1

系统环境：Win10

类：

　　board：棋盘，也就是游戏区域

　　snake：贪吃蛇，通过记录身体每个点来记录蛇的状态

　　game：游戏类

　　本来还想要个food类的，但是food只需要一个坐标，和一个新建，所以干脆使用list来保存坐标，新建food放在game里面，从逻辑上也没有太大问题

源码：

    # Write By Guobao
    # 2017/4//7
    #
    # 贪吃蛇
    # 用#做边界，*做食物，o做身体和头部
    # python 3.6.1

    import copy
    import random
    import os
    import msvcrt

    # the board class, used to put everything
    class board:

      __points =[]

      def __init__(self):
        self.__points.clear()
        for i in range(22):
          line = []
          if i == 0 or i == 21:
            for j in range(22):
              line.append('#')
          else:
            line.append('#')
            for j in range(20):
              line.append(' ')
            line.append('#')
          self.__points.append(line)

      def getPoint(self, location):
        return self.__points[location[0]][location[1]]

      def clear(self):
        self.__points.clear()
        for i in range(22):
          line = []
          if i == 0 or i == 21:
            for j in range(22):
              line.append('#')
          else:
            line.append('#')
            for j in range(20):
              line.append(' ')
            line.append('#')
          self.__points.append(line)

      def put_snake(self, snake_locations):
        # clear the board
        self.clear()

        # put the snake points
        for x in snake_locations:
          self.__points[x[0]][x[1]] = 'o'

        # the head
        x = snake_locations[len(snake_locations) - 1]
        self.__points[x[0]][x[1]] = 'O'

      def put_food(self, food_location):
        self.__points[food_location[0]][food_location[1]] = '*'

      def show(self):
        os.system("cls")
        for i in range(22):
          for j in range(22):
            print(self.__points[i][j], end='')
          print()

    # the snake class
    class snake:
      __points = []

      def __init__(self):
        for i in range(1, 6):
          self.__points.append([1, i])

      def getPoints(self):
        return self.__points

      # move to the next position
      # give the next head
      def move(self, next_head):
        self.__points.pop(0)
        self.__points.append(next_head)

      # eat the food
      # give the next head
      def eat(self, next_head):
        self.__points.append(next_head)

      # calc the next state
      # and return the direction
      def next_head(self, direction='default'):

        # need to change the value, so copy it
        head = copy.deepcopy(self.__points[len(self.__points) - 1])

        # calc the "default" direction
        if direction == 'default':
          neck = self.__points[len(self.__points) - 2]
          if neck[0] > head[0]:
            direction = 'up'
          elif neck[0] < head[0]:
            direction = 'down'
          elif neck[1] > head[1]:
            direction = 'left'
          elif neck[1] < head[1]:
            direction = 'right'

        if direction == 'up':
          head[0] = head[0] - 1
        elif direction == 'down':
          head[0] = head[0] + 1
        elif direction == 'left':
          head[1] = head[1] - 1
        elif direction == 'right':
          head[1] = head[1] + 1
        return head

    # the game
    class game:

      board = board()
      snake = snake()
      food = []
      count = 0

      def __init__(self):
        self.new_food()
        self.board.clear()
        self.board.put_snake(self.snake.getPoints())
        self.board.put_food(self.food)

      def new_food(self):
        while 1:
          line = random.randint(1, 20)
          column = random.randint(1, 20)
          if self.board.getPoint([column, line]) == ' ':
            self.food = [column, line]
            return

      def show(self):
        self.board.clear()
        self.board.put_snake(self.snake.getPoints())
        self.board.put_food(self.food)
        self.board.show()


      def run(self):
        self.board.show()

        # the 'w a s d' are the directions
        operation_dict = {b'w': 'up', b'W': 'up', b's': 'down', b'S': 'down', b'a': 'left', b'A': 'left', b'd': 'right', b'D': 'right'}
        op = msvcrt.getch()

        while op != b'q':
          if op not in operation_dict:
            op = msvcrt.getch()
          else:
            new_head = self.snake.next_head(operation_dict[op])

            # get the food
            if self.board.getPoint(new_head) == '*':
              self.snake.eat(new_head)
              self.count = self.count + 1
              if self.count >= 15:
                self.show()
                print("Good Job")
                break
              else:
                self.new_food()
                self.show()

            # 反向一Q日神仙
            elif new_head == self.snake.getPoints()[len(self.snake.getPoints()) - 2]:
              pass

            # rush the wall
            elif self.board.getPoint(new_head) == '#' or self.board.getPoint(new_head) == 'o':
              print('GG')
              break

            # normal move
            else:
              self.snake.move(new_head)
              self.show()
          op = msvcrt.getch()

    game().run()

笔记：

　　1.Python 没有Switch case语句，可以利用dirt来实现

　　2.Python的=号是复制，复制引用，深复制需要使用copy的deepcopy()函数来实现

　　3.即使在成员函数内，也需要使用self来访问成员变量，这和C++、JAVA很不一样

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