Python中的getopt函数使用详解

720次阅读  |  发布于5年以前

函数原型:


    getopt.getopt(args, shortopts, longopts=[])

参数解释:

返回值:

源码分析

在Android生成OTA的build系统中,common.py文件中的ParseOptions函数就是用来解析输入参数的,我们来通过该函数的实现来分析一下getopt的使用。

函数源码如下:


    def ParseOptions(argv, docstring, extra_opts="", extra_long_opts=(), extra_option_handler=None):
     try:
     opts, args = getopt.getopt(
      argv, "hvp:s:x" + extra_opts,
      ["help", "verbose", "path=", "signapk_path=", "extra_signapk_args=", "java_path=", "public_key_suffix=", "private_key_suffix=", "device_specific=", "extra="] + list(extra_long_opts))
     except getopt.GetoptError, err:
     Usage(docstring)
     print "**", str(err), "**"
     sys.exit(2)

     path_specified = False

     for o, a in opts:
     if o in ("-h", "--help"):
      Usage(docstring)
      sys.exit()
     elif o in ("-v", "--verbose"):
      OPTIONS.verbose = True
     elif o in ("-p", "--path"):
      OPTIONS.search_path = a
     elif o in ("--signapk_path",):
      OPTIONS.signapk_path = a
     elif o in ("--extra_singapk_args",):
      OPTIONS.extra_signapk_args = shlex.split(a)
     elif o in ("--java_path",):
      OPTIONS.java_path = a
     else:
      if extra_option_handler is None or not extra_option_handler(o, a):
      assert False, "unknown option \"%s\"" % (o,)

     os.environ["PATH"] = (os.path.join(OPTIONS.search_path, "bin") + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])

     return args

其中,extra_option_handler可以理解为函数指针,它的功能也是解析opts的键值对。
extra_option_handler源码如下:


    def option_handler(o, a):
     if o in ("-b", "--board_config"):
     pass # deprecated
     elif o in ("-k", "--package_key"):
     OPTIONS.package_key = a
     elif o in ("-i", "--incremental_from"):
     OPTIONS.incremental_source = a
     elif o in ("-w", "--wipe_user_data"):
     OPTIONS.wipe_user_data = True
     elif o in ("-n", "--no_prereq"):
     OPTIONS.omit_prereq = True
     elif o in ("-e", "--extra_script"):
     OPTIONS.extra_script = a
     elif o in ("-a", "--aslr_mode"):
     if a in ("on", "On", "true", "True", "yes", "Yes"):
     OPTIONS.aslr_mode = True
     else:
     OPTIONS.aslr_mode = False
     elif o in ("--worker_threads"):
     OPTIONS.worker_threads = int(a)
     else:
     return False
     return True

一般生成OAT全量包的参数argv如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

argv = ['-v', '-p', 'out/host/linux-xxx', '-k', 'build/target/product/security/testkey', 'out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip', 'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

首先,对参数进行分析,其中短参数包括:


    -v,-p,-k,

经过解析后,生成的结果如下所示:

复制代码 代码如下:

opts = [('-v', ''), ('-p', 'out/host/linux-x86'), ('-k', 'build/target/product/security/testkey')]
args =['out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip', 'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

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