详解python之简单主机批量管理工具

今天做了一个很简单的小项目，感受到了paramiko模块的强大，也深感自己Linux的功力不行~~

一、需求**
**

二、简单需求分析及流程图

需求很少，我就简单地说下:

1. 主机分组可以配置文件实现(我用字典存数据的).

2. 登陆功能不做。选择分组后可查看组内对应主机的主机名和IP地址.

3. >>>cmd: df(输入命令则起多个线程(视组内有多少个主机而定)同时执行)

输出:

－－－－－－－－－－－－－h1－－－－－－－－－－－－

……(命令返回的数据)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－h2－－－－－－－－－－－－

……

put test.yy(本地文件) filename (把本地的test.yy文件传到远程主机的/root目录下)

4.可写在配置文件中。包括远程主机的: 主机名 IP 用户名 密码 端口

流程图

三、目录结构及源代码

目录结构:

from_windows.py(待上传的文件)

main.py(批量主机管理接口)

     """批量主机管理接口"""

     import core

     if __name__ == "__main__":
       core.run() 

core.py(核心代码，被接口调用)

    """核心代码"""
    import settings
    import paramiko
    import threading
    import os


    class REMOTE_HOST(object):
      #远程操作主机
      def __init__(self, host, port ,username, password, cmd):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.cmd = cmd

      def run(self):
        """起线程连接远程主机后调用"""
        cmd_str = self.cmd.split()[0]
        if hasattr(self, cmd_str):   #反射 eg:调用put方法
          getattr(self, cmd_str)()
        else:
          #setattr(x,'y',v)is equivalent to  ``x.y=v''
          setattr(self, cmd_str, self.command)
          getattr(self, cmd_str)() #调用command方法，执行批量命令处理

      def command(self):
        """批量命令处理"""
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() #创建ssh对象
        #允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
        ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        ssh.connect(hostname=self.host,port=self.port,username=self.username,password=self.password)
        stdin,stdout,stderr = ssh.exec_command(self.cmd)
        result = stdout.read()
        print("%s".center(50, "-") % self.host)
        print(result.decode())
        ssh.close()

      def put(self):
        """上传文件"""
        filename = self.cmd.split()[1] #要上传的文件
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))
        transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)
        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
        sftp.put(filename, filename)
        print("put sucesss")

        transport.close()


    def show_host_list():
      """通过选择分组显示主机名与IP"""
      for index, key in enumerate(settings.msg_dic):
        print(index + 1, key, len(settings.msg_dic[key]))
      while True:
        choose_host_list = input(">>>(eg:group1)").strip()
        host_dic = settings.msg_dic.get(choose_host_list)
        if host_dic:
          #print(host_dic)
          for key in host_dic:
            print(key, host_dic[key]["IP"])
          return host_dic
        else:
          print("NO exit this group!")


    def interactive(choose_host_list):
      """根据选择的分组主机起多个线程进行批量交互"""
      thread_list = []
      while True:
        cmd = input(">>>").strip()
        if cmd:
          for key in choose_host_list:
            host, port, username, password = choose_host_list[key]["IP"], choose_host_list[key]["port"], \
                             choose_host_list[key]["username"], choose_host_list[key]["password"]
            func = REMOTE_HOST(host, port, username, password, cmd) # 实例化类
            t = threading.Thread(target=func.run) # 起线程
            t.start()
            thread_list.append(t)
          for t in thread_list:
            t.join() # 主线程等待子线程执行完毕
        else:
          continue


    def run():
      choose_host_list = show_host_list()
      interactive(choose_host_list)

settings.py(配置文件)

    """配置文件"""

    msg_dic = {
      "group1":{  #分组1
        "h1":{"IP":"192.168.1.1", "username":"11", "password":"aa", "port":22},
        "h2":{"IP":"192.168.1.2", "username":"22", "password":"bb", "port":22},
        "h3":{"IP":"192.168.1.3", "username":"33", "password":"cc", "port":22},
        "h4":{"IP":"192.168.1.4", "username":"44", "password":"dd", "port":22},
        "h5":{"IP":"192.168.1.5", "username":"55", "password":"ee", "port":22},
        "h6":{"IP":"192.168.1.6", "username":"66", "password":"ff", "port":22},
      },

      "group2":{  #分组2
        "h1":{"IP":"192.168.2.1", "username":"111", "password":"aaa", "port":22},
        "h2":{"IP":"192.168.2.2", "username":"222", "password":"bbb", "port":22},
        "h3":{"IP":"192.168.2.3", "username":"333", "password":"ccc", "port":22},
        "h4":{"IP":"192.168.2.4", "username":"444", "password":"ddd", "port":22},
        "h5":{"IP":"192.168.2.5", "username":"555", "password":"eee", "port":22},
        "h6":{"IP":"192.168.2.6", "username":"666", "password":"fff", "port":22},
        "h7":{"IP":"192.168.2.7", "username":"777", "password":"ggg", "port":22},
        "h8":{"IP":"192.168.2.8", "username":"888", "password":"hhh", "port":22},
      },

      "group3":{
        "h1":{"IP":"192.168.179.133", "username":"root", "password":"zcl", "port":22},
      }
    }

测试:

硬件限制，我只用连接一台虚拟机测试~

    C:\Python34\python3.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/laonanhai/host_manage/main.py
    1 group1 6
    2 group3 1
    3 group2 8
    >>>(eg:group1)group3
    h1 192.168.179.133
    >>>put from_windows.py
    put sucesss
    >>>
    >>>ls
    ------------------------192.168.179.133------------------------
    anaconda-ks.cfg
    database_test
    from_windows.py
    install.log
    install.log.syslog
    m
    oot
    \root
    tmp\from_windows.py

    >>> 

上传前没有from_windows.py文件，上传后就有了!

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。