相对列表来说,有些时候我们更需要获取单个的对象, get()
方法就是在此时使用的:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Apress")
<Publisher: Apress>
这样,就返回了单个对象,而不是列表(更准确的说,QuerySet)。 所以,如果结果是多个对象,会导致抛出异常:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(country="U.S.A.")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Publisher --
it returned 2! Lookup parameters were {'country': 'U.S.A.'}
如果查询没有返回结果也会抛出异常:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Penguin")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DoesNotExist: Publisher matching query does not exist.
这个 DoesNotExist 异常 是 Publisher 这个 model 类的一个属性,即 Publisher.DoesNotExist。在你的应用中,你可以捕获并处理这个异常,像这样:
try:
p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress')
except Publisher.DoesNotExist:
print "Apress isn't in the database yet."
else:
print "Apress is in the database."
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