Python中使用bidict模块双向字典结构的奇技淫巧

485次阅读  |  发布于5年以前

快速入门

模块提供三个类来处理一对一映射类型的一些操作
'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict'


    >>> import bidict
    >>> dir(bidict)
    ['MutableMapping', '_LEGALNAMEPAT', '_LEGALNAMERE', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict', 're', 'wraps']

1.bidict类:


    >>> from bidict import bidict
    >>> D=bidict({'a':'b'})
    >>> D['a']
    'b'
    >>> D[:'b']
    'a'
    >>> ~D        #反转字典
    bidict({'b': 'a'})
    >>> dict(D)    #转为普通字典
    {'a': 'b'}
    >>> D['c']='c'   #添加元素,普通字典的方法都可以用
    >>> D
    bidict({'a': 'b', 'c': 'c'}) 

2.inverted类,反转字典的键值


    >>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]
    >>> list(inverted(seq))
        [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]

3.namedbidict(mapname, fwdname, invname):


    >>> CoupleMap = namedbidict('CoupleMap', 'husbands', 'wives')
    >>> famous = CoupleMap({'bill': 'hillary'})
    >>> famous.husbands['bill']
    'hillary'
    >>> famous.wives['hillary']
    'bill'
    >>> famous.husbands['barack'] = 'michelle'
    >>> del famous.wives['hillary']
    >>> famous
    CoupleMap({'barack': 'michelle'})

更多内容

如果你不喜欢冒号的方式,可以使用namedbidict类给双向字典起2个别名。这样对外会提供正向和逆向的2个子字典。实际上还是以一个双向 字典的形式存在:


    >>> HTMLEntities = namedbidict('HTMLEntities', 'names', 'codepoints')
    >>> entities = HTMLEntities({'lt': 60, 'gt': 62, 'amp': 38}) # etc
    >>> entities.names['lt']
    60
    >>> entities.codepoints[38]
    'amp'

还可以使用一元的逆运算符"~"获取bidict逆映射字典。


    >>> import bidict
    >>> from bidict import bidict
    >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})
    >>> ~husbands2wives
    bidict({'jackie': 'john'})

以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:


    >>> import bidict
    >>> from bidict import bidict
    >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})
    >>> ~husbands2wives
    bidict({'jackie': 'john'})

以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:


    >>> (~bi)['one']
    1

bidict不是dict的子类,但它的API的是dict的超集(但没有fromkeys方法,改用了MutableMapping接 口)。

迭代器类inverted会翻转key和value,如:


    >>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]
    >>> list(inverted(seq))
    [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]

bidict的invert()方法和inverted类似。依赖模块:collections中的MutableMapping,functools中的wraps,re。

bidict可以和字典进行比较


    >>> bi == bidict({1:'one'})
    >>> bi == dict([(1, 'one')])
    True

其他字典通用的方法,bidict也支持:


    >>> bi.get('one')
    1
    >>> bi.setdefault('one', 2)
    1
    >>> bi.setdefault('two', 2)
    2
    >>> len(bi) # calls __len__
    2
    >>> bi.pop('one')
    1
    >>> bi.popitem()
    ('two', 2)
    >>> bi.inv.setdefault(3, 'three')
    'three'
    >>> bi
    bidict({'three': 3})
    >>> [key for key in bi] # calls __iter__, returns keys like dict
    ['three']
    >>> 'three' in bi # calls __contains__
    True
    >>> list(bi.keys())
    ['three']
    >>> list(bi.values())
    [3]
    >>> bi.update([('four', 4)])
    >>> bi.update({'five': 5}, six=6, seven=7)
    >>> sorted(bi.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
    [('three', 3), ('four', 4), ('five', 5), ('six', 6), ('seven', 7)]

Copyright© 2013-2020

All Rights Reserved 京ICP备2023019179号-8