python 全文检索引擎详解

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python 全文检索引擎详解

最近一直在探索着如何用Python实现像百度那样的关键词检索功能。说起关键词检索,我们会不由自主地联想到正则表达式。正则表达式是所有检索的基础,python中有个re类,是专门用于正则匹配。然而,光光是正则表达式是不能很好实现检索功能的。

python有一个whoosh包,是专门用于全文搜索引擎。

whoosh在国内使用的比较少,而它的性能还没有sphinx/coreseek成熟,不过不同于前者,这是一个纯python库,对python的爱好者更为方便使用。具体的代码如下

安装

输入命令行 pip install whoosh

需要导入的包有:


    fromwhoosh.index import create_in

    fromwhoosh.fields import *

    fromwhoosh.analysis import RegexAnalyzer

    fromwhoosh.analysis import Tokenizer,Token

中文分词解析器


    class ChineseTokenizer(Tokenizer):
      """
      中文分词解析器
      """
      def __call__(self, value, positions=False, chars=False,
             keeporiginal=True, removestops=True, start_pos=0, start_char=0,
             mode='', **kwargs):
        assert isinstance(value, text_type), "%r is not unicode "% value
        t = Token(positions, chars, removestops=removestops, mode=mode, **kwargs)
        list_seg = jieba.cut_for_search(value)
        for w in list_seg:
          t.original = t.text = w
          t.boost = 0.5
          if positions:
            t.pos = start_pos + value.find(w)
          if chars:
            t.startchar = start_char + value.find(w)
            t.endchar = start_char + value.find(w) + len(w)
          yield t


    def chinese_analyzer():
      return ChineseTokenizer()

构建索引的函数


    @staticmethod
      def create_index(document_dir):
        analyzer = chinese_analyzer()
        schema = Schema(titel=TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=analyzer), path=ID(stored=True),
                content=TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=analyzer))
        ix = create_in("./", schema)
        writer = ix.writer()
        for parents, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(document_dir):
          for filename in filenames:
            title = filename.replace(".txt", "").decode('utf8')
            print title
            content = open(document_dir + '/' + filename, 'r').read().decode('utf-8')
            path = u"/b"
            writer.add_document(titel=title, path=path, content=content)
        writer.commit()

检索函数


     @staticmethod
      def search(search_str):
        title_list = []
        print 'here'
        ix = open_dir("./")
        searcher = ix.searcher()
        print search_str,type(search_str)
        results = searcher.find("content", search_str)
        for hit in results:
          print hit['titel']
          print hit.score
          print hit.highlights("content", top=10)
          title_list.append(hit['titel'])
        print 'tt',title_list
        return title_list

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