使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程

这个教程，我们将展示如何用python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等。

首先我们需要创建两个函数，第一个函数用来显示游戏板:

    def print_board():
      for i in range(0,3):
        for j in range(0,3):
          print map[2-i][j],
          if j != 2:
            print "|",
        print ""

这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map，该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组。

游戏板看起来是这样的:

    |  | 
    |  | 
    |  |

    X | X | 
    O | X | O
     | O | X

    X | X | X
    X | X | X
    X | X | X

下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束，则返回True并打印消息。

    def check_done():
      for i in range(0,3):
        if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
        or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
          print turn, "won!!!"
          return True

      if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
      or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
        print turn, "won!!!"
        return True

      if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
        print "Draw"
        return True

      return False

有几个地方需要检查，首先检查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号，然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足，游戏结束并打印"Won!!!"。请注意检查变量改变，它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家。

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜，游戏平局。

有了上面的两个函数，下面我们创建3个变量:

    turn = "X"
    map = [[" "," "," "],
        [" "," "," "],
        [" "," "," "]]
    done = False

turn : 轮到谁  
map : 游戏板  
done : 游戏是否结束

现在启动游戏:

    while done != True:
      print_board()

      print turn, "'s turn"
      print

      moved = False
      while moved != True:

这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面，使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动，如果玩家没有移动，则程序会跳到下一次循环。

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:

    print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
        print "7|8|9"
        print "4|5|6"
        print "1|2|3"
        print

    try:
          pos = input("Select: ")
          if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

我们期望玩家输入一个数字，检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外，我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑，我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:

    Y = pos/3
            X = pos%3
            if X != 0:
              X -=1
            else:
               X = 2
               Y -=1

以下是全部的代码:

    def print_board():
      for i in range(0,3):
        for j in range(0,3):
          print map[2-i][j],
          if j != 2:
            print "|",
        print ""


    def check_done():
      for i in range(0,3):
        if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
        or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
          print turn, "won!!!"
          return True

      if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
      or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
        print turn, "won!!!"
        return True

      if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
        print "Draw"
        return True


      return False





    turn = "X"
    map = [[" "," "," "],
        [" "," "," "],
        [" "," "," "]]
    done = False


    while done != True:
      print_board()

      print turn, "'s turn"
      print

      moved = False
      while moved != True:
        print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\
        see below for which number that is which position..."
        print "7|8|9"
        print "4|5|6"
        print "1|2|3"
        print

        try:
          pos = input("Select: ")
          if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
            Y = pos/3
            X = pos%3
            if X != 0:
              X -=1
            else:
               X = 2
               Y -=1

            if map[Y][X] == " ":
              map[Y][X] = turn
              moved = True
              done = check_done()

              if done == False:
                if turn == "X":
                  turn = "O"
                else:
                  turn = "X"


        except:
          print "You need to add a numeric value"