python中使用urllib2伪造HTTP报头的2个方法

在采集网页信息的时候，经常需要伪造报头来实现采集脚本的有效执行

下面，我们将使用urllib2的header部分伪造报头来实现采集信息

方法1、

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    #encoding=utf-8
    #Filename:urllib2-header.py

    import urllib2
    import sys

    #抓取网页内容-发送报头-1
    url= "http://www.jb51.net"
    send_headers = {
     'Host':'www.jb51.net',
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0',
     'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
     'Connection':'keep-alive'
    }

    req = urllib2.Request(url,headers=send_headers)
    r = urllib2.urlopen(req)

    html = r.read()        #返回网页内容
    receive_header = r.info()     #返回的报头信息

    # sys.getfilesystemencoding() 
    html = html.decode('utf-8','replace').encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) #转码:避免输出出现乱码 

    print receive_header
    # print '####################################'
    print html

方法2、

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    #encoding=utf-8
    #Filename:urllib2-header.py

    import urllib2
    import sys

    url = 'http://www.jb51.net'

    req = urllib2.Request(url)
    req.add_header('Referer','http://www.jb51.net/')
    req.add_header('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0')
    r = urllib2.urlopen(req)

    html = r.read()
    receive_header = r.info()

    html = html.decode('utf-8').encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())

    print receive_header
    print '#####################################'
    print html