如下所示：

requests模块来请求页面

lxml模块的html构建selector选择器(格式化响应response)

from lxml import html

import requests

response = requests.get(url).content

selector = html.formatstring(response)

hrefs = selector.xpath('/html/body//div[@class='feed-item _j_feed_item']/a/@href')

以url = 'https://www.mafengwo.cn/gonglve/ziyouxing/2033.html'为例子

    # python 2.7
    import requests
    from lxml import html
    import os

    # 获取首页中子页的url链接
    def get_page_urls(url):
      response = requests.get(url).content
      # 通过lxml的html来构建选择器
      selector = html.fromstring(response)
      urls = []
      for i in selector.xpath("/html/body//div[@class='feed-item _j_feed_item']/a/@href"):
        urls.append(i)
      return urls

    # get title from a child's html(div[@class='title'])
    def get_page_a_title(url):
      '''url is ziyouxing's a@href'''
      response = requests.get(url).content
      selector = html.fromstring(response)
      # get xpath by chrome's tool --> /html/body//div[@class='title']/text()
      a_title = selector.xpath("/html/body//div[@class='title']/text()")
      return a_title

    # 获取页面选择器(通过lxml的html构建)
    def get_selector(url):
      response = requests.get(url).content
      selector = html.fromstring(response)
      return selector

    # 通过chrome的开发者工具分析html页面结构后发现，我们需要获取的文本内容主要显示在div[@class='l-topic']和div[@class='p-section']中

    # 获取所需的文本内容
     def get_page_content(selector):
       # /html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[@class='l-topic']/p/text()
       page_title = selector.xpath("//div[@class='l-topic']/p/text()")
       # /html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[15]/div[@class='p-section']/text()
       page_content = selector.xpath("//div[@class='p-section']/text()")
       return page_title,page_content

    # 获取页面中的图片url地址
    def get_image_urls(selector):
      imagesrcs = selector.xpath("//img[@class='_j_lazyload']/@src")
      return imagesrcs

    # 获取图片的标题

    def get_image_title(selector, num)
      # num 是从2开始的
      url = "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div["+num+"]/span[@class='img-an']/text()"
      if selector.xpath(url) is not None:
        image_title = selector.xpath(url)
      else:
        image_title = "map"+str(num) # 没有就起一个
      return image_title

    # 下载图片

    def downloadimages(selector,number):
      '''number是用来计数的'''
      urls = get_image_urls()
      num = 2
      amount = len(urls)
      for url in urls:
        image_title = get_image_title(selector, num)
        filename = "/home/WorkSpace/tour/words/result"+number+"/+"image_title+".jpg"
        if not os.path.exists(filename):
          os.makedirs(filename)
        print('downloading %s image %s' %(number, image_title))
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
          f.write(requests.get(url).content)
        num += 1
      print "已经下载了%s张图" %num

    # 入口，启动并把获取的数据存入文件中
    if __name__ =='__main__':
      url = 'https://www.mafengwo.cn/gonglve/ziyouxing/2033.html'
      urls = get_page_urls(url)
      # turn to get response from html
      number = 1
      for i in urls:
        selector = get_selector(i)
        # download images
        downloadimages(selector,number)
        # get text and write into a file
        page_title, page_content = get_page_content(selector)
        result = page_title+'\n'+page_content+'\n\n'
        path = "/home/WorkSpace/tour/words/result"+num+"/"
        if not os.path.exists(filename):
          os.makedirs(filename)
        filename = path + "num"+".txt"
        with open(filename,'wb') as f:
          f.write(result)
        print result

到此就结束了该爬虫，爬取页面前一定要认真分析html结构，有些页面是由js生成，该页面比较简单，没涉及到js的处理，日后的随笔中会有相关分享

以上这篇requests和lxml实现爬虫的方法就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。