Python实现备份文件实例

本文实例讲述了Python实现备份文件的方法，是一个非常实用的技巧。分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下：

该实例主要实现读取一个任务文件, 根据指定的任务参数自动备份.

任务文件的格式: (注意,分号后面注释是不支持的)

    [task] ; 一项任务开始
    dir=h:/Project ; 指定备份的目录
    recusive=1 ; 是否递归子目录
    suffix=h|cpp|hpp|c|user|filters|vcxproj|sln|css|gif|html|bmp|png|lib|dsw|dsp|htm|html|ico|ini|jpg|rc|vssscc ; 指定备份的扩展名
    exclude=0 ; 指定是备份上面的参数指定的扩展名还是排除指定的扩展名
    zip=Project.zip ; 备份后的文件路径名

python代码如下:

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
    import sys
    import os
    import zipfile
    class Task:
     #dir str directory
     #bsub BOOL include subdirectory
     #sfx str postsuffix ,sepeated by '|'
     #ecld BOOL include or execlude the postsuffix sfx
     def __init__(self,dir,bsub,sfx,ecld,zip):
     self.dir = dir
     self.bsub = bsub
     self.suffix = sfx.split("|")
     self.exclude = ecld
     self.zip = zip

     @staticmethod
     def isfilter(sfx,sfxs,bexcld):
     bFound = False
     for e in sfxs:
      if e == sfx:
      bFound = True
      break 
     if bexcld:
      return not bFound;
     else:
      return bFound;

    class QBackup:
     '''备份指定目录下具备指定扩展名的文件'''
     def __init__(self):
     self._list = []

     def __del__(self):
     pass

     #tfile 任务文件
     def ReadTask(self,tfile):
     dir = ""
     bsub = False
     sfx = ""
     becld = False
     zip = ""
     try:
      f = open(tfile,'r')
      while True:
      line = f.readline()
      if len(line) == 0:
       break;
      line = line.strip(" ")
      if "[Task]/n".lower() == line.lower():
       # 读取接下来的4行
       iline = 1
       while iline <= 5:
       line = f.readline()
       line = line.strip(" /t/n") # 去除前后的空白符 
       idx = line.find("=")
       if -1 == idx:
        break;
       atti = line[0:idx]
       value = line[idx+1:]
       print(value)
       if "dir" == atti:
        dir = value
       elif "recusive" == atti:
        bsub = bool(int(value))
       elif "suffix" == atti:
        sufix = value
       elif "exclude" == atti:
        becld = bool(int(value))
       elif "zip" == atti:
        zip = value
       else:
        break
       iline += 1
       else:
       t = Task(dir,bsub,sufix,becld,zip)
       self._list.append(t)
     except:
      return False
     return True

     def DoBackup(self):
     for e in self._list:
      try:
      zip = zipfile.ZipFile(e.zip,'w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
      self.ZipDir(zip,e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude)
      zip.close()
      except:
      print("exception raised!")
      return False
     return True 
     def ZipDir(self,zip,dir,bsub,sfxs,ecld):
     subdir = ""
     path = ""
     if os.path.isdir(dir):
      paths = os.listdir(dir)
      #备份本目录
      print("ZipDir: ",dir)
      for e in paths:
      path = dir + "/" + e
      ext = os.path.splitext(e)[1][1:]
      if os.path.isfile(path) and Task.isfilter(ext,sfxs,ecld):
       print ("ZipFile: ",path)
       zip.write(path)
      #清理子目录
      if bsub: 
      for e in paths:
       subdir = dir + "/" + e
       self.ZipDir(zip,subdir,bsub,sfxs,ecld)

     def PrintTask(self):
     for e in self._list:
      print (e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude,e.zip)

    if '__main__' == __name__:
     c = QBackup()
     c.ReadTask("bkup.txt")
     c.DoBackup()

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。