什么是docstring
在软件工程中,其实编码所占的部分是非常小的,大多是其它的事情,比如写文档。文档是沟通的工具。
在Python中,比较推崇在代码中写文档,代码即文档,比较方便,容易维护,直观,一致。
代码写完,文档也出来了。其实Markdown也差不多这种思想,文本写完,排版也完成了。
看看PEP 0257中对docstring的定义:
A docstring is a string literal that occurs as the first statement in
a module, function, class, or method definition. Such a docstring
becomes the doc special attribute of that object.
简单来说,就是出现在模块、函数、类、方法里第一个语句的,就是docstring。会自动变成属性doc。
def foo():
""" This is function foo"""
可通过foo.doc访问得到' This is function foo'.
各类docstring风格:
Epytext
这是曾经比较流行的一直类似于javadoc的风格。
"""
This is a javadoc style.
@param param1: this is a first param
@param param2: this is a second param
@return: this is a description of what is returned
@raise keyError: raises an exception
"""
reST
这是现在流行的一种风格,reST风格,Sphinx的御用格式。我个人也是喜欢用这种风格,比较紧凑。
"""
This is a reST style.
:param param1: this is a first param
:param param2: this is a second param
:returns: this is a description of what is returned
:raises keyError: raises an exception
"""
Google风格
"""
This is a groups style docs.
Parameters:
param1 - this is the first param
param2 - this is a second param
Returns:
This is a description of what is returned
Raises:
KeyError - raises an exception
"""
Numpydoc (Numpy风格)
"""
My numpydoc description of a kind
of very exhautive numpydoc format docstring.
Parameters
----------
first : array_like
the 1st param name `first`
second :
the 2nd param
third : {'value', 'other'}, optional
the 3rd param, by default 'value'
Returns
-------
string
a value in a string
Raises
------
KeyError
when a key error
OtherError
when an other error
"""
docstring工具之第三方库pyment
用来创建和转换docstring.
使用方法就是用pyment生成一个patch,然后打patch。
$ pyment test.py #生成patch
$ patch -p1 < test.py.patch #打patch
详情:https://github.com/dadadel/pyment
使用sphinx的autodoc自动从docstring生产api文档,不用再手写一遍
我在代码中已经写过docstring了,写api文档的内容跟这个差不多,难道要一个一个拷贝过去rst吗?当然不用。sphinx有autodoc功能。
首先编辑conf.py文件,
1. 要有'sphinx.ext.autodoc'这个extensions
2. 确保需要自动生成文档的模块可被import,即在路径中。比如可能需要sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../..'))
然后,编写rst文件,
xxx_api module
---------------------
.. automodule:: xxx_api
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
敲make html命令,就可以从docstring中生成相关的文档了,不用多手写一遍rst.
看效果:
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