python getopt详解及简单实例

1005次阅读  |  发布于5年以前

python getopt详解

函数原型:


    getopt.getopt(args, shortopts, longopts=[])

参数解释:

返回值:

源码分析

在Android生成OTA的build系统中,common.py文件中的ParseOptions函数就是用来解析输入参数的,我们来通过该函数的实现来分析一下getopt的使用。

函数源码如下:


    def ParseOptions(argv, docstring, extra_opts="", extra_long_opts=(), extra_option_handler=None):
      try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(
          argv, "hvp:s:x" + extra_opts,
          ["help", "verbose", "path=", "signapk_path=", "extra_signapk_args=", "java_path=", "public_key_suffix=", "private_key_suffix=", "device_specific=", "extra="] + list(extra_long_opts))
      except getopt.GetoptError, err:
        Usage(docstring)
        print "**", str(err), "**"
        sys.exit(2)

      path_specified = False

      for o, a in opts:
        if o in ("-h", "--help"):
          Usage(docstring)
          sys.exit()
        elif o in ("-v", "--verbose"):
          OPTIONS.verbose = True
        elif o in ("-p", "--path"):
          OPTIONS.search_path = a
        elif o in ("--signapk_path",):
          OPTIONS.signapk_path = a
        elif o in ("--extra_singapk_args",):
          OPTIONS.extra_signapk_args = shlex.split(a)
        elif o in ("--java_path",):
          OPTIONS.java_path = a
        else:
          if extra_option_handler is None or not extra_option_handler(o, a):
          assert False, "unknown option \"%s\"" % (o,)

      os.environ["PATH"] = (os.path.join(OPTIONS.search_path, "bin") + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"])

      return args

其中,extra_option_handler可以理解为函数指针,它的功能也是解析opts的键值对。

extra_option_handler源码如下:


     def option_handler(o, a):
      if o in ("-b", "--board_config"):
       pass  # deprecated
      elif o in ("-k", "--package_key"):
       OPTIONS.package_key = a
      elif o in ("-i", "--incremental_from"):
       OPTIONS.incremental_source = a
      elif o in ("-w", "--wipe_user_data"):
       OPTIONS.wipe_user_data = True
      elif o in ("-n", "--no_prereq"):
       OPTIONS.omit_prereq = True
      elif o in ("-e", "--extra_script"):
       OPTIONS.extra_script = a
      elif o in ("-a", "--aslr_mode"):
       if a in ("on", "On", "true", "True", "yes", "Yes"):
        OPTIONS.aslr_mode = True
       else:
        OPTIONS.aslr_mode = False
      elif o in ("--worker_threads"):
       OPTIONS.worker_threads = int(a)
      else:
       return False
      return True

一般生成OAT全量包的参数argv如下:


    argv = ['-v', '-p', 'out/host/linux-xxx', '-k', 'build/target/product/security/testkey',
     'out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip', 
    'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

首先,对参数进行分析,其中短参数包括:


    -v,-p,-k,

经过解析后,生成的结果如下所示:


    opts = [('-v', ''), ('-p', 'out/host/linux-x86'), 
    ('-k', 'build/target/product/security/testkey')]
    args =['out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip',
     'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

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