python入门教程之识别验证码

845次阅读  |  发布于5年以前

前言

验证码?我也能破解?

关于验证码的介绍就不多说了,各种各样的验证码在人们生活中时不时就会冒出来,身为学生日常接触最多的就是教务处系统的验证码了,比如如下的验证码:

识别办法

模拟登陆有着复杂的步骤,在这里咱们不管其他操作,只负责根据输入的一张验证码图片返回一个答案字符串。

我们知道验证码为了制作干扰,会把图片弄成五颜六色的样子,而我们首先就是要去除这些干扰,这一步就需要不断试验了,增强图片色彩,加大对比度等等都可以产生帮助。

在经过各种对图片的操作之后,终于找到了比较完美的去除干扰方案。可以看到在去除干扰之后,最优情况下,我们将得到一张十分纯净的黑白字符图片。一张图片上有四个字符,没办法一下子就把四个字符全部识别,需要把图片进行裁剪,裁剪成每张小图只有一个字符的样子,再对每张图片分别进行识别。

接下来就是识别文字了,我们首先把得到的小图转换成01表示的矩阵,每个矩阵代表一个字符。

比如数字六的矩阵


    num_6=[
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
    0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
    0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    ]

远远望过去,眯着眼睛还是能分辨出来的。

因为验证码十分规整,每个数字所在的位置都是固定的,所以并不需要涉及什么机器学习的算法,只是简单的进行一下矩阵的比对就可以了,在所有的实现做好的矩阵中找到相似度最高的矩阵就可以了,在这里的比对方法多种多样,反正数据简单能正确识别出来就好。

至此,咱们的验证码识别工作就结束了。

这次进行的验证码识别主要采用python的PIL进行图片操作,模拟登陆自动填写验证码的全部代码请看这里:

示例代码


    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*
    import sys
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
    import re
    import requests
    import io
    import os
    import json
    from PIL import Image
    from PIL import ImageEnhance
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

    import mdata

    class Student:
     def __init__(self, user,password):
      self.user = str(user)
      self.password = str(password)
      self.s = requests.Session()

     def login(self):
      url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
      res = self.s.get(url).text
      imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/'+re.findall('<img src="(.+?)" width="55"',res)[0]
      im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
      enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)
      im = enhancer.enhance(7)
      x,y = im.size
      for i in range(y):
       for j in range(x):
        if (im.getpixel((j,i))!=(0,0,0)):
         im.putpixel((j,i),(255,255,255))
      num = [6,19,32,45]
      verifyCode = ""
      for i in range(4):
       a = im.crop((num[i],0,num[i]+13,20))
       l=[]
       x,y = a.size
       for i in range(y):
        for j in range(x):
         if (a.getpixel((j,i))==(0,0,0)):
          l.append(1)
         else:
          l.append(0)
       his=0
       chrr="";
       for i in mdata.data:
        r=0;
        for j in range(260):
         if(l[j]==mdata.data[i][j]):
          r+=1
        if(r>his):
         his=r
         chrr=i
       verifyCode+=chrr
       # print "辅助输入验证码完毕:",verifyCode
      data= {
      'WebUserNO':str(self.user),
      'Password':str(self.password),
      'Agnomen':verifyCode,
      }
      url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
      t = self.s.post(url,data=data).text
      if re.findall("images/Logout2",t)==[]:
       l = '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
       # print l
       # return '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'
       return [False,l]
      else:
       l = '登录成功 '+re.findall('! (.+?) ',t)[0]+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
       # print l
       return [True,l]

     def getInfo(self):
      imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
      data = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYBASESTUDENTINFO.APPPROCESS?mode=3').text #学籍信息
      data = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")
      q = data.find_all("table",attrs={'align':"left"})
      a = []
      for i in q[0]:
       if type(i)==type(q[0]) :
        for j in i :
         if type(j) ==type(i):
          a.append(j.text)
      for i in q[1]:
       if type(i)==type(q[1]) :
        for j in i :
         if type(j) ==type(i):
          a.append(j.text)
      data = {}
      for i in range(1,len(a),2):
       data[a[i-1]]=a[i]
      # data['照片'] = io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content)
      return json.dumps(data)

     def getPic(self):
      imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
      pic = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
      return pic

     def getScore(self):
       score = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYSTUDENTSCORE.APPPROCESS').text #成绩单
       score = BeautifulSoup(score, "lxml")
       q = score.find_all(attrs={'height':"36"})[0]
       point = q.text
       print point[point.find('平均学分绩点'):]
       table = score.html.body.table
       people = table.find_all(attrs={'height' : '36'})[0].string
       r = table.find_all('table',attrs={'align' : 'left'})[0].find_all('tr')
       subject = []
       lesson = []
       for i in r[0]:
        if type(r[0])==type(i):
         subject.append(i.string)
       for i in r:
        k=0
        temp = {}
        for j in i:
         if type(r[0])==type(j):
          temp[subject[k]] = j.string
          k+=1
        lesson.append(temp)
       lesson.pop()
       lesson.pop(0)
       return json.dumps(lesson)

     def logoff(self):
      return self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGOUT.APPPROCESS').text

    if __name__ == "__main__":
     a = Student(20150000,20150000)
     r = a.login()
     print r[1]
     if r[0]:
      r = json.loads(a.getScore())
      for i in r:
       for j in i:
        print i[j],
       print
      q = json.loads(a.getInfo())
      for i in q:
       print i,q[i]
      a.getPic().show()
     a.logoff()

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者使用python能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对脚本之家的支持。

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