为了给你的对像添加一个行级功能,那就定义一个自定义方法。 有鉴于manager经常被用来用一些整表操作(table-wide),模型方法应该只对特殊模型实例起作用。
这是一项在模型的一个地方集中业务逻辑的技术。
最好用例子来解释一下。 这个模型有一些自定义方法:
from django.contrib.localflavor.us.models import USStateField
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
birth_date = models.DateField()
address = models.CharField(max_length=100)
city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
state = USStateField() # Yes, this is U.S.-centric...
def baby_boomer_status(self):
"Returns the person's baby-boomer status."
import datetime
if datetime.date(1945, 8, 1) <= self.birth_date <= datetime.date(1964, 12, 31):
return "Baby boomer"
if self.birth_date < datetime.date(1945, 8, 1):
return "Pre-boomer"
return "Post-boomer"
def is_midwestern(self):
"Returns True if this person is from the Midwest."
return self.state in ('IL', 'WI', 'MI', 'IN', 'OH', 'IA', 'MO')
def _get_full_name(self):
"Returns the person's full name."
return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
full_name = property(_get_full_name)
例子中的最后一个方法是一个property。 想了解更多关于属性的信息请访问http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/#property
这是用法的实例:
>>> p = Person.objects.get(first_name='Barack', last_name='Obama')
>>> p.birth_date
datetime.date(1961, 8, 4)
>>> p.baby_boomer_status()
'Baby boomer'
>>> p.is_midwestern()
True
>>> p.full_name # Note this isn't a method -- it's treated as an attribute
u'Barack Obama'
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