Python增量循环删除MySQL表数据的方法

1237次阅读  |  发布于5年以前

需求场景:

有一业务数据库,使用MySQL 5.5版本,每天会写入大量数据,需要不定期将多表中"指定时期前"的数据进行删除,在SQL SERVER中很容易实现,写几个WHILE循环就搞定,虽然MySQL中也存在类似功能,怎奈自己不精通,于是采用Python来实现

话不多少,上脚本:


    # coding: utf-8
    import MySQLdb
    import time
    # delete config
    DELETE_DATETIME = '2016-08-31 23:59:59'
    DELETE_ROWS = 10000
    EXEC_DETAIL_FILE = 'exec_detail.txt'
    SLEEP_SECOND_PER_BATCH = 0.5
    DATETIME_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%d %X'
    # MySQL Connection Config
    Default_MySQL_Host = 'localhost'
    Default_MySQL_Port = 3358
    Default_MySQL_User = "root"
    Default_MySQL_Password = 'roo@01239876'
    Default_MySQL_Charset = "utf8"
    Default_MySQL_Connect_TimeOut = 120
    Default_Database_Name = 'testdb001'
    def get_time_string(dt_time):
    """
    获取指定格式的时间字符串
    :param dt_time: 要转换成字符串的时间
    :return: 返回指定格式的字符串
    """
    global DATETIME_FORMAT
    return time.strftime(DATETIME_FORMAT, dt_time)
    def print_info(message):
    """
    将message输出到控制台,并将message写入到日志文件
    :param message: 要输出的字符串
    :return: 无返回
    """
    print(message)
    global EXEC_DETAIL_FILE
    new_message = get_time_string(time.localtime()) + chr(13) + str(message)
    write_file(EXEC_DETAIL_FILE, new_message)
    def write_file(file_path, message):
    """
    将传入的message追加写入到file_path指定的文件中
    请先创建文件所在的目录
    :param file_path: 要写入的文件路径
    :param message: 要写入的信息
    :return:
    """
    file_handle = open(file_path, 'a')
    file_handle.writelines(message)
    # 追加一个换行以方便浏览
    file_handle.writelines(chr(13))
    file_handle.close()
    def get_mysql_connection():
    """
    根据默认配置返回数据库连接
    :return: 数据库连接
    """
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(
    host=Default_MySQL_Host,
    port=Default_MySQL_Port,
    user=Default_MySQL_User,
    passwd=Default_MySQL_Password,
    connect_timeout=Default_MySQL_Connect_TimeOut,
    charset=Default_MySQL_Charset,
    db=Default_Database_Name
    )
    return conn
    def mysql_exec(sql_script, sql_param=None):
    """
    执行传入的脚本,返回影响行数
    :param sql_script:
    :param sql_param:
    :return: 脚本最后一条语句执行影响行数
    """
    try:
    conn = get_mysql_connection()
    print_info("在服务器{0}上执行脚本:{1}".format(
    conn.get_host_info(), sql_script))
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    if sql_param is not None:
    cursor.execute(sql_script, sql_param)
    row_count = cursor.rowcount
    else:
    cursor.execute(sql_script)
    row_count = cursor.rowcount
    conn.commit()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    except Exception, e:
    print_info("execute exception:" + str(e))
    row_count = 0
    return row_count
    def mysql_query(sql_script, sql_param=None):
    """
    执行传入的SQL脚本,并返回查询结果
    :param sql_script:
    :param sql_param:
    :return: 返回SQL查询结果
    """
    try:
    conn = get_mysql_connection()
    print_info("在服务器{0}上执行脚本:{1}".format(
    conn.get_host_info(), sql_script))
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    if sql_param != '':
    cursor.execute(sql_script, sql_param)
    else:
    cursor.execute(sql_script)
    exec_result = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    return exec_result
    except Exception, e:
    print_info("execute exception:" + str(e))
    def get_id_range(table_name):
    """
    按照传入的表获取要删除数据最大ID、最小ID、删除总行数
    :param table_name: 要删除的表
    :return: 返回要删除数据最大ID、最小ID、删除总行数
    """
    global DELETE_DATETIME
    sql_script = """
    SELECT
    MAX(ID) AS MAX_ID,
    MIN(ID) AS MIN_ID,
    COUNT(1) AS Total_Count
    FROM {0}
    WHERE create_time <='{1}';
    """.format(table_name, DELETE_DATETIME)
    query_result = mysql_query(sql_script=sql_script, sql_param=None)
    max_id, min_id, total_count = query_result[0]
    # 此处有一坑,可能出现total_count不为0 但是max_id 和min_id 为None的情况
    # 因此判断max_id和min_id 是否为NULL
    if (max_id is None) or (min_id is None):
    max_id, min_id, total_count = 0, 0, 0
    return max_id, min_id, total_count
    def delete_data(table_name):
    max_id, min_id, total_count = get_id_range(table_name)
    temp_id = min_id
    while temp_id <= max_id:
    sql_script = """
    DELETE FROM {0}
    WHERE id <= {1}
    and id >= {2}
    AND create_time <='{3}';
    """.format(table_name, temp_id + DELETE_ROWS, temp_id, DELETE_DATETIME)
    temp_id += DELETE_ROWS
    print(sql_script)
    row_count = mysql_exec(sql_script)
    print_info("影响行数:{0}".format(row_count))
    current_percent = (temp_id - min_id) * 1.0 / (max_id - min_id)
    print_info("当前进度{0}/{1},剩余{2},进度为{3}%".format(temp_id, max_id, max_id - temp_id, "%.2f" % current_percent))
    time.sleep(SLEEP_SECOND_PER_BATCH)
    print_info("当前表{0}已无需要删除的数据".format(table_name))
    delete_data('TB001')
    delete_data('TB002')
    delete_data('TB003')

执行效果:

实现原理:

由于表存在自增ID,于是给我们增量循环删除的机会,查找出满足删除条件的最大值ID和最小值ID,然后按ID 依次递增,每次小范围内(如10000条)进行删除。

实现优点:

实现"小斧子砍大柴"的效果,事务小,对线上影响较小,打印出当前处理到的"ID",可以随时关闭,稍微修改下代码便可以从该ID开始,方便。

实现不足:

为防止主从延迟太高,采用每次删除SLEEP1秒的方式,相对比较糙,最好的方式应该是周期扫描这条复制链路,根据延迟调整SLEEP的周期,反正都脚本化,再智能化点又何妨!

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python增量循环删除MySQL表数据,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对脚本之家网站的支持!

Copyright© 2013-2020

All Rights Reserved 京ICP备2023019179号-8