讲解Python的Scrapy爬虫框架使用代理进行采集的方法

1.在Scrapy工程下新建"middlewares.py"

    # Importing base64 library because we'll need it ONLY in case if the proxy we are going to use requires authentication
    import base64

    # Start your middleware class
    class ProxyMiddleware(object):
     # overwrite process request
     def process_request(self, request, spider):
      # Set the location of the proxy
      request.meta['proxy'] = "http://YOUR_PROXY_IP:PORT"

      # Use the following lines if your proxy requires authentication
      proxy_user_pass = "USERNAME:PASSWORD"
      # setup basic authentication for the proxy
      encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy_user_pass)
      request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass

2.在项目配置文件里(./project_name/settings.py)添加

    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
     'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
     'project_name.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100,
    }

只要两步，现在请求就是通过代理的了。测试一下^_^

    from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
    from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
    from scrapy.http import Request

    class TestSpider(CrawlSpider):
     name = "test"
     domain_name = "whatismyip.com"
     # The following url is subject to change, you can get the last updated one from here :
     # http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/automation.asp
     start_urls = ["http://xujian.info"]

     def parse(self, response):
      open('test.html', 'wb').write(response.body)

3.使用随机user-agent

默认情况下scrapy采集时只能使用一种user-agent，这样容易被网站屏蔽，下面的代码可以从预先定义的user- agent的列表中随机选择一个来采集不同的页面

在settings.py中添加以下代码

    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
      'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
      'Crawler.comm.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400
     }

注意: Crawler; 是你项目的名字 ，通过它是一个目录的名称 下面是蜘蛛的代码

    #!/usr/bin/python
    #-*-coding:utf-8-*-

    import random
    from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware

    class RotateUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
     def __init__(self, user_agent=''):
      self.user_agent = user_agent

     def process_request(self, request, spider):
      #这句话用于随机选择user-agent
      ua = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
      if ua:
       request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ua)

     #the default user_agent_list composes chrome,I E,firefox,Mozilla,opera,netscape
     #for more user agent strings,you can find it in http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php
     user_agent_list = [\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",\
      "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
      ]