本文实例讲述了python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

最近要获取服务器各种参数，包括cpu、内存、磁盘、型号等信息。试用了Hyperic HQ、Nagios和Snmp，它们功能都挺强大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。

于是乎想到用python执行shell获取这些信息，python执行shell脚本有以下三种方法：

1. os.system()

复制代码 代码如下:

os.system('ls')

返回结果0或者1，不能得到命令的输出

2. os.popen()

复制代码 代码如下:

output = os.popen('ls')
print output.read()

打印出的是命令输出，但是得不到执行的返回值

3. commands.getstatusoutput()

复制代码 代码如下:

(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
print status, output

打印出返回值和命令输出

可以根据需要选取其中一种方法，以下是python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql，并定期更新的程序：

复制代码 代码如下:

'''
Created on Dec 10, 2014

@author: liufei
'''

coding=utf-8

import time, sched, os, string
from datetime import datetime
import MySQLdb

s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)

def event_func():
try:

主机名

    name = os.popen(""" hostname """).read()  
    #cpu数目  
    cpu_num = os.popen(""" cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l """).read()  
    #内存大小  
    mem = os.popen(""" free | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}' """).read()  
    #机器品牌  
    brand = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Vendor' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()  
    #型号  
    model = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()  
    #磁盘大小  
    storage = os.popen(""" fdisk -l | grep 'Disk /dev/sd' | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}END{print sum}' """).read()  
    #mac地址  
    mac = os.popen(""" ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' """).read()  

    name = name.replace("\n","").lstrip()  
    cpu_num =  cpu_num.replace("\n","").lstrip()  
    memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace("\n","").lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)  
    brand = brand.replace("\n","").lstrip()  
    model = model.replace("\n","").lstrip()  
    storage_gb = storage.replace("\n","").lstrip()  
    mac = mac.replace("\n","").lstrip()  

    print name  
    print cpu_num  
    print memory_gb  
    print storage_gb  
    print brand  
    print model  
    print mac  

    conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='USERNAME',passwd='PASSWORD',db='DBNAME',port=3306)  
    cur=conn.cursor()  
    cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)  
    data = cur.fetchone()

    if data is None:  
        value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]  
        cur.execute("insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac,  created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",value)              
    else:  
        value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]  
        cur.execute("update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s",value1)  

    conn.commit()  
    cur.close()  
    conn.close()  

except MySQLdb.Error,e:  
    print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])  

def perform(inc):
s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))
event_func()

def mymain(inc=10):
s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))
s.run()

if name == "main":
mymain()