详解Python发送邮件实例

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Python发送邮件需要smtplib和email两个模块。也正是由于我们在实际工作中可以导入这些模块,才使得处理工作中的任务变得更加的简单。今天,就来好好学习一下使用Python发送邮件吧。

SMTP是发送邮件的协议,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。

1.邮件正文是文本的格式


    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    import smtplib
    import sys
    import csv
    import xlrd
    from pyExcelerator import *
    import os
    import xlwt
    from xlutils.copy import copy
    import pyExcelerator
    import datetime
    import time

    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

    mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址
    mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"  # 邮件传送协议服务器
    mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号
    mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码

    def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):
      me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"
      msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8')
      msg['Subject'] = sub  # 邮件主题
      msg['From'] = me
      msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
      try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(mail_host)
        server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
        server.close()
        return True
      except Exception, e:
        print str(e)
        return False

    if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub = "天才白痴梦"
      content = '...'
      if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, content):
        print "发送成功"
      else:
        print "发送失败"

2.邮件正文是表格的格式:由于是表格,所以我们选择HTML来实现表格的功能,邮件上面显示的就是HTML实现的内容了。


    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    import smtplib
    import sys
    import csv
    import xlrd
    from pyExcelerator import *
    import os
    import xlwt
    from xlutils.copy import copy
    import pyExcelerator
    import datetime
    import time

    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

    mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址
    mail_host = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"  # 邮件传送协议服务器
    mail_user = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱账号
    mail_pass = "" # 邮件发送方的邮箱密码

    def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):
      me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"
      # 和上面的代码不同的就是,这里我们选择的是html 的格式
      msg = MIMEText(content, _subtype='html', _charset='utf-8')
      msg['Subject'] = sub  # 邮件主题
      msg['From'] = me
      msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
      try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(mail_host)
        server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
        server.close()
        return True
      except Exception, e:
        print str(e)
        return False

    if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub = "天才白痴梦"
      html = '<html></html>'
      if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):
        print "发送成功"
      else:
        print "发送失败"

3.邮件正文是图片的格式:要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。


    def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):
      me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"

      msg = MIMEMultipart()
      msg['Subject'] = sub  # 邮件主题
      msg['From'] = me
      msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)

      txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')
      msg.attach(txt)

      # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体
      msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')
      msg.attach(msgText)

      file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"
      image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())
      image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
      msg.attach(image)

      try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(mail_host)
        server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
        server.close()
        return True
      except Exception, e:
        print str(e)
        return False

    if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub = "天才白痴梦"
      html = '<html></html>'
      if send_mail(mailto_list, sub, html):
        print "发送成功"
      else:
        print "发送失败"

4.发送邮件附件:邮件附件是图片


    def send_mail(to_list, sub, content):
      me = "天才白痴梦"+"<"+mail_user+">"

      msg = MIMEMultipart()
      msg['Subject'] = sub  # 邮件主题
      msg['From'] = me
      msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)

      txt = MIMEText("天才白痴梦", _subtype='plain', _charset='utf8')
      msg.attach(txt)

      # # <b>:黑体 <i>:斜体
      # msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />good!', 'html', 'utf-8')
      # msg.attach(msgText)
      #
      # file1 = "F:\\1.jpg"
      # image = MIMEImage(open(file1, 'rb').read())
      # image.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
      # msg.attach(image)

      att = MIMEText(open('F:\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
      att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
      att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
      msg.attach(att)

      try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP()
        server.connect(mail_host)
        server.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
        server.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())
        server.close()
        return True
      except Exception, e:
        print str(e)
        return False

5.发送群邮件:同时发送给多人
mailto_list = [""] # 邮件接收方的邮件地址
上面这一行代码是邮件接收方的邮件地址,如果我们需要给多人发送邮件的话,就只需要把对方的邮件帐号绑在这一个列表里就ok了。

加密SMTP

使用标准的25端口连接SMTP服务器时,使用的是明文传输,发送邮件的整个过程可能会被窃听。要更安全地发送邮件,可以加密SMTP会话,实际上就是先创建SSL安全连接,然后再使用SMTP协议发送邮件。

方法:只需要在创建SMTP对象后,立刻调用starttls()方法,就创建了安全连接。


    smtp_server = 'smtp.qq.com'
    smtp_port = 25  # 默认端口号为25
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_port)
    server.starttls()
    # 剩下的代码和前面的一模一样:
    server.set_debuglevel(1)   # 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息

以上就是关于Python发送邮件详细解析,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

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