python 网络编程详解及简单实例

python 网络编程详解

网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix，各个平台（如windows、Linux等）、各门语言（C、C++、Python、Java等）所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来，懂得了Unix的socket网络编程，其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理，网络编程也就知道了，不同之处就在于每个平台，每个语言都有自己专享的语法，我们直接灵活套用就行了。

下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子，即依托于客户端-服务器的架构，实现客户端与服务器之间的单向"数据流通"。我们分别用两个方法来实现，一个方法是最原始的socket编程，另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现，目的是减少实现透明性，便于快速开发。

要求：客户端输入数据，发送到服务端，服务器端生成（时间戳+数据）的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种：面向连接的和无连接的，这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以，我们两种方法都进行实现。

一、Python socket编程

面向连接的TCP socket编程：

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
     3 from socket import *
    from time import ctime 

    # Address and Port
    HOST = ''
    PORT = 21567
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BuffSize
    BUFSIZ = 1024

    # build socket
    tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    # bind socket
    tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
    # listen 5 client 
    tcpSerSock.listen(5)

    try:
      while True:
        print 'waiting for connection...'
        # build client socket
        tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
        print '...connect from:', addr

        # accept data and process
        while True:
          data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
          if not data:
            break
          tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))

          # close client socket 
          tcpCliSock.close()
    except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
      tcpSerSock.close()

    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

    from socket import *

    # Address and Port 
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    PORT = 21567
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BufferSize
    BUFSIZ = 1024

    #build socket 
    tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
    tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)

    while True:
      data = raw_input('> ')
      if not data:
        break
      # send data
      tcpCliSocket.send(data)
      # recv data
      data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ)
      if not data:
        break
      # show data
      print data
    tcpCliSocket.close()

无连接的UDP socket编程

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    from socket import *
    from time import ctime 

    # Address and Port 
    HOST = ''
    PORT = 8000
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BufferSize
    BUFFSIZE = 1024
    # build socket
    udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
    # bind socket
    udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)

    try:
      while True:
        print 'waiting the message...'
        data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE)
        print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr
        udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr)
    except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
      udpSerSock.close()

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    from socket import *

    # Address and Port 
    HOST = 'localhost'
    PORT = 8000
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BufferSize
    BUFSIZ = 1024

    # build socket 
    udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)

    while True:
      data = raw_input('> ')
      udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR)
      data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
      if not data:
        break
      print data 
    udpCliSock.close()

二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH 
    from time import ctime 

    # Address and Port
    HOST = ''
    PORT = 21567
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BuffSize
    BUFSIZ = 1024

    # build RequestHandler
    class MyRequestHandler(SRH):
      def handle(self):
        print '...connected from: ', self.client_address
        self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))

    # build TCPServer
    TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)
    print 'waiting for connection...'
    # loop to process
    TCPServ.serve_forever()

    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

    from socket import *

    # Address and Port 
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    PORT = 21567
    ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

    # BufferSize
    BUFSIZ = 1024

    while True:
      # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接，
      # 得到请求，然后就关闭连接，所以需要多次连接
      tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
      tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

      # process data
      data = raw_input('> ')
      if not data:
        break
      tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data)

      data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
      if not data:
        break
      print data.strip()
      tcpCliSock.close()

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