time模块
time模块是包含各方面对时间操作的函数. 尽管这些常常有效但不是所有方法在任意平台中有效. time用struct_time表示时间
import time
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=24,
tm_hour=14, tm_min=17, tm_sec=26,
tm_wday=4, tm_yday=114, tm_isdst=0)
# 2015
print time.localtime()
print time.localtime().tm_year
函数
import time
# Fri Apr 24 06:39:34 2015
print time.asctime(time.gmtime())
# 0.0
# None
# 1.01136392961 因计算机而异
print time.clock()
print time.sleep(1)
print time.clock()
# Fri Apr 24 14:42:07 2015
print time.ctime()
# 2015-04-24
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
# 1429857836.0
print time.mktime(time.localtime())
time模块中常用的格式化字符串
datetime模块
datetime模块提供对于日期和时间进行简单或复杂的操作. datetime 模块提供了一下的可用类型(Available Types).
datetime.MINYEAR 和 datetime.MAXYEAR 模块常量表示datetime接受的范围
from datetime import timedelta, datetime
a = datetime.now()
b = timedelta(days=7)
# 7 days, 0:00:00
# 2015-04-14 16:02:39.189000
print b
print a - b
下面说具体说一下类和类的方法
date类
一个date对象代表理想化的日期.
class datetime.date(year, month, day)
# All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs.
# 所有参数都是必须的. 参数可能是 int 或 long.
MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
1<= month <= 12
1<= day <= number of days in the given month and year.(随着月份和年份)
如果参数脱离给的范围会抛出, valueError.
1.类方法 >date.today()
:返回当前的本地日期, 这等价于 date.fromtimestamp(time.time())
.
Return the current local date. This is equvalent to date.fromtimestamp(time.time())
.
from datetime import date
# print 2015-04-21
print date.today()
2.date.fromtimestamp(timestamp):根据提供的时间戳返回local date. 时间戳常用于对时间类型的存储.
import time
from datetime import date
# 1429587111.21
# 2015-04-21
print time.time()
print date.fromtimestamp(time.time())
3.类方法date.fromordinal(ordinal):根据提供的Gregorian日历返回date.(不做描述)
类属性
d = date(2014, 4, 21)
# 2014 4 21
print d.year, d.month, d.day
实例方法
d = date(2015, 4, 21)
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-22
print d
print d.replace()
print d.replace(day=22)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=111, tm_isdst=-1)
print d.timetuple()
# print 1
# print 2
print d.weekday()
print d.isoweekday()
# print 2015-04-21
print d.isoformat()
# print 21/04/2015
print d.strftime('%d/%m/%y')
datetime 类
datetime 对象是一个单一的对象, 包含所有date和time对象的信息.
class datetime.datetime(year, month, day[, hour
[, minute
[, second
[, microsecond
[, tzinfo]]]]])
# The year, month and day arguments are required.
MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
1 <= month <= 12
1 <= day <= n
0 <= hour < 24
0 <= minute < 60
0 <= second < 60
0 <= microsecond < 10**6
类方法
from datetime import datetime
# 2015-04-21 14:07:39.262000
print datetime.today()
# 2015-04-21 14:08:20.362000
print datetime.now()
# 1429596607.06
# 2015-04-21 14:10:07.061000
t = time.time()
print t
print datetime.fromtimestamp(t)
from datetime import datetime, date, time
a = date(2015, 4, 21)
b = time(14, 13, 34)
# 2015-04-21 14:13:34
print datetime.combine(a, b)
实例方法
其他方法可查看官方文档…
from datetime import datetime, date, time
td = date(2015, 4, 21)
n = time(14, 28, 30)
# 2099-04-21 14:30:42.103000
print datetime.now(0.replace(year=2099)
类属性
实例属性(read-only)
time类
time 代表本地(一天内)时间.
class datetime.time([hour
[, minute
[, second
[, microsecond
[, tzinfo]]]]])
# All arguments are optional.
# 所有参数都是可选的.
0 <= hour < 24
0 <= minute < 60
0 <= second < 60
0 <= microsesond < 10**6
time类就是对时间的一些操作,其功能类似与datetime.其实date和time就是对datetime中日期和时间的操作.
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