生成器模式是一种对象构建模式。它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象。
/** "Product" */ class Pizza { private String dough = ""; private String sauce = ""; private String topping = ""; public void setDough (String dough) { this.dough = dough; } public void setSauce (String sauce) { this.sauce = sauce; } public void setTopping (String topping) { this.topping = topping; } } ''/** "Abstract Builder" */'' abstract class PizzaBuilder { protected Pizza pizza; public Pizza getPizza() { return pizza; } public void createNewPizzaProduct() { pizza = new Pizza(); } public abstract void buildDough(); public abstract void buildSauce(); public abstract void buildTopping(); } /** "ConcreteBuilder" */ class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder { public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("cross"); } public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("mild"); } public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("ham+pineapple"); } } /** "ConcreteBuilder" */ class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder { public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("pan baked"); } public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("hot"); } public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("pepperoni+salami"); } } ''/** "Director" */'' class Waiter { private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder; public void setPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) { pizzaBuilder = pb; } public Pizza getPizza() { return pizzaBuilder.getPizza(); } public void constructPizza() { pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct(); pizzaBuilder.buildDough(); pizzaBuilder.buildSauce(); pizzaBuilder.buildTopping(); } } /** A customer ordering a pizza. */ class BuilderExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Waiter waiter = new Waiter(); PizzaBuilder hawaiian_pizzabuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder(); PizzaBuilder spicy_pizzabuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder(); waiter.setPizzaBuilder ( hawaiian_pizzabuilder ); waiter.constructPizza(); Pizza pizza = waiter.getPizza(); } }
抽象工厂模式与生成器相似,因为它也可以创建复杂对象。主要的区别是生成器模式着重于一步步构造一个复杂对象。而抽象工厂模式着重于多个系列的产品对象(简单的或是复杂的)。生成器在最后的一步返回产品,而对于抽象工厂来说,产品是立即返回的。
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建造者模式包含如下角色:
建造者模式主要是用于创建一些复杂的对象,这些对象内部构建间的建造顺序是稳定的,但是对象内部的构建通常面临着复杂的变化。
建造者模式的好处就是使得建造代码与表示代码分离,由于建造者隐藏了改产品是如何组装的,所以若需要改变一个产品的内部表示,只需要再定义一个具体的建造者就可以了。
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