编写:Andrwyw - 原文:http://developer.android.com/training/gestures/viewgroup.html
因为很多时候是用ViewGroup的子类来做不同触摸事件的目标,而不是ViewGroup本身,所以处理ViewGroup中的触摸事件需要特别注意。 为了确保每个view能正确地接收到它们想要的触摸事件,可以重写onInterceptTouchEvent()函数。
每当在ViewGroup(包括它的子View)的表面上检测到一个触摸事件,onInterceptTouchEvent()都会被调用。如果onInterceptTouchEvent()返回true,MotionEvent就被截获了,这表示它不会被传递给其子View,而是传递给该父view自身的onTouchEvent()方法。
onInterceptTouchEvent()
true
onInterceptTouchEvent()方法让父view能够在它的子view之前处理触摸事件。如果我们让onInterceptTouchEvent()返回true,则之前处理触摸事件的子view会收到ACTION_CANCEL事件,并且该点之后的事件会被发送给该父view自身的onTouchEvent()函数,进行常规处理。onInterceptTouchEvent()也可以返回false,这样事件沿view层级分发到目标前,父view可以简单地观察该事件。这里的目标是指,通过onTouchEvent()处理消息事件的view。
onTouchEvent()
false
接下来的代码段中,MyViewGroup继承自ViewGroup。MyViewGroup有多个子view。如果我们在某个子View上水平地拖动手指,该子view不会接收到触摸事件,而是应该由MyViewGroup处理这些触摸事件来滚动它的内容。然而,如果我们点击子view中的button,或垂直地滚动子view,则父view不会截获这些触摸事件,因为子view本身就是预定目标。在这些情况下,onInterceptTouchEvent()应该返回false,MyViewGroup的onTouchEvent()也不会被调用。
MyViewGroup
public class MyViewGroup extends ViewGroup { private int mTouchSlop; ... ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext()); mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop(); ... @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { /* * This method JUST determines whether we want to intercept the motion. * If we return true, onTouchEvent will be called and we do the actual * scrolling there. */ final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev); // Always handle the case of the touch gesture being complete. if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) { // Release the scroll. mIsScrolling = false; return false; // Do not intercept touch event, let the child handle it } switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: { if (mIsScrolling) { // We're currently scrolling, so yes, intercept the // touch event! return true; } // If the user has dragged her finger horizontally more than // the touch slop, start the scroll // left as an exercise for the reader final int xDiff = calculateDistanceX(ev); // Touch slop should be calculated using ViewConfiguration // constants. if (xDiff > mTouchSlop) { // Start scrolling! mIsScrolling = true; return true; } break; } ... } // In general, we don't want to intercept touch events. They should be // handled by the child view. return false; } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { // Here we actually handle the touch event (e.g. if the action is ACTION_MOVE, // scroll this container). // This method will only be called if the touch event was intercepted in // onInterceptTouchEvent ... } }
注意ViewGroup也提供了requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()方法。当子view不想该父view和祖先view通过onInterceptTouchEvent()截获它的触摸事件时,可调用ViewGroup的该方法。
上面的代码段中使用了当前的ViewConfiguration来初始化mTouchSlop变量。我们可以使用ViewConfiguration类来获取Android系统常用的一些距离、速度、时间值。
mTouchSlop
“Touch slop”是指在被识别为移动的手势前,用户触摸可移动的那一段像素距离。Touch slop通常用来预防用户在做一些其他触摸操作时,出现意外地滑动,例如触摸屏幕上的组件。
另外两个常用的ViewConfiguration函数是getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity()和getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity()。这两个函数会返回初始化一个快速滑动(fling)的最小、最大速度(分别地),以像素每秒为测量单位。如:
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext()); private int mSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop(); private int mMinFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity(); private int mMaxFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity(); ... case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: { ... float deltaX = motionEvent.getRawX() - mDownX; if (Math.abs(deltaX) > mSlop) { // A swipe occurred, do something } ... case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: { ... } if (mMinFlingVelocity <= velocityX && velocityX <= mMaxFlingVelocity && velocityY < velocityX) { // The criteria have been satisfied, do something } }
Android提供了TouchDelegate类,让父view扩展超出子view自身边界的可触摸区域。这在当子view很小,但需要一个更大的触摸区域时非常有用。如果需要,我们也可以使用这种方式来实现对子view的触摸区域的收缩。
在下面的例子中,ImageButton对象是所谓的"delegate view"(是指触摸区域将被父view扩展的那个子view)。这是布局文件:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/parent_layout" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity" > <ImageButton android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="@null" android:src="@drawable/icon" /> </RelativeLayout>
下面的代码段做了这样几件事:
getHitRect()
在ImageButton子view的touch delegate范围内,父view会接收到所有的触摸事件。如果触摸事件发生在子view自身的点击矩形中,父view会把触摸事件交给子view处理。
public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // Get the parent view View parentView = findViewById(R.id.parent_layout); parentView.post(new Runnable() { // Post in the parent's message queue to make sure the parent // lays out its children before you call getHitRect() @Override public void run() { // The bounds for the delegate view (an ImageButton // in this example) Rect delegateArea = new Rect(); ImageButton myButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button); myButton.setEnabled(true); myButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Touch occurred within ImageButton touch region.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); // The hit rectangle for the ImageButton myButton.getHitRect(delegateArea); // Extend the touch area of the ImageButton beyond its bounds // on the right and bottom. delegateArea.right += 100; delegateArea.bottom += 100; // Instantiate a TouchDelegate. // "delegateArea" is the bounds in local coordinates of // the containing view to be mapped to the delegate view. // "myButton" is the child view that should receive motion // events. TouchDelegate touchDelegate = new TouchDelegate(delegateArea, myButton); // Sets the TouchDelegate on the parent view, such that touches // within the touch delegate bounds are routed to the child. if (View.class.isInstance(myButton.getParent())) { ((View) myButton.getParent()).setTouchDelegate(touchDelegate); } } }); } }
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