Asyncio 模块的另一个重要的组件是 Future 类。它和 concurrent.futures.Futures 很像,但是针对Asyncio的事件循环做了很多定制。 asyncio.Futures 类代表还未完成的结果(有可能是一个Exception)。所以综合来说,它是一种抽象,代表还没有做完的事情。
Future
concurrent.futures.Futures
asyncio.Futures
实际上,必须处理一些结果的回调函数被加入到了这个类的实例中。
要操作Asyncio中的 Future ,必须进行以下声明: :
import asyncio future = asyncio.Future()
基本的方法有:
cancel()
result()
exception()
add_done_callback(fn)
remove_done_callback(fn)
set_result(result)
set_exception(exception)
下面的例子展示了 Future 类是如何管理两个协程的,第一个协程 first_coroutine 计算前n个数的和, 第二个协程 second_coroutine 计算n的阶乘,代码如下: :
first_coroutine
second_coroutine
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Asyncio.Futures - Chapter 4 Asynchronous Programming """ import asyncio import sys @asyncio.coroutine def first_coroutine(future, N): """前n个数的和""" count = 0 for i in range(1, N + 1): count = count + i yield from asyncio.sleep(3) future.set_result("first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = " + str(count)) @asyncio.coroutine def second_coroutine(future, N): count = 1 for i in range(2, N + 1): count *= i yield from asyncio.sleep(4) future.set_result("second coroutine (factorial) result = " + str(count)) def got_result(future): print(future.result()) if __name__ == "__main__": N1 = int(sys.argv[1]) N2 = int(sys.argv[2]) loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() future1 = asyncio.Future() future2 = asyncio.Future() tasks = [ first_coroutine(future1, N1), second_coroutine(future2, N2)] future1.add_done_callback(got_result) future2.add_done_callback(got_result) loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks)) loop.close()
输出如下: :
$ python asy.py 1 1 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 1 second coroutine (factorial) result = 1 $ python asy.py 2 2 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 3 second coroutine (factorial) result = 2 $ python asy.py 3 3 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 6 second coroutine (factorial) result = 6 $ python asy.py 4 4 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 10 second coroutine (factorial) result = 24
在主程序中,我们通过定义future对象和协程联系在一起: :
if __name__ == "__main__": ... future1 = asyncio.Future() future2 = asyncio.Future()
定义tasks的时候,将future对象作为变量传入协程中: :
tasks = [ first_coroutine(future1, N1), second_coroutine(future2, N2)]
最后,添加一个 future 执行时的回调函数: :
future
def got_result(future): print(future.result())
在我们传入future的协程中,在计算之后我们分别添加了3s、4s的睡眠时间: :
yield from asyncio.sleep(4)
然后,我们将future标为完成,通过 future.set_result() 设置结果。
future.set_result()
交换两个协程睡眠的时间,协程2会比1更早得到结果: :
$ python asy.py 3 3 second coroutine (factorial) result = 6 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 6 $ python asy.py 4 4 second coroutine (factorial) result = 24 first coroutine (sum of N integers) result = 10
Copyright© 2013-2020
All Rights Reserved 京ICP备2023019179号-8